A Christmas Carol Essay Example for Free

A Christmas Carol Essay What evidence is there in A Christmas Carol of social, cultural and historical contexts? A Christmas Carol is rich with historical, cultural and social contexts, all poignantly intertwined throughout the text. As the story is set in Victorian times, we are immediately given a sense of time and place in stave 1, by descriptions of both customs and daily routines. As the tale was set so long ago, there were obviously no modern appliances or conveniences. Dickens shows this as he describes Scrooges counting house. Scrooge had a very small fire, but the clerks fire was so much very smaller that it looked like one coal, and tried to warm himself at the candle. We are also given an insight into the era when Dickens outlines customs in the streets Meanwhile the fog and darkness thickened so, that people ran about with flaring links, proffering their services to go before horses in carriages, and to conduct them on their way The language used, I believe, is also influential to the overall story. Again Dickens is setting a time frame, which the tale adheres to, and the phrases used by some characters highlight this I am sorry with all my heart to find you so resolute. We have never had any quarrel, to which I have been a party. But I have made the trial in homage to Christmas, and Ill keep my Christmas humour to the last, Stop till I shut the door of the shop. Ah! How it skreeks! There ant such a rusty bit of metal in the place as its own hinges From the beginning of the novel and, obviously due to its title, we can see that there is much influence from the cultural aspects of Christmas. As the story is set in the festive season, great emphasis is stressed on Scrooges attitudes compared to those around him at this traditionally jovial time of year/ This is a major factor in the structure of the story, although it is the general social and cultural side of the holiday rather than the religious meaning. In fact religion is only suggested once, It might be pleasant to them to remember upon Christmas Day, who made lame beggars walk and blind men see, but isnt as important as the suggestion of charity and kindness to ones fellow man. The social aspects of the time, particularly the attitudes of some upper class towards the lower classes, play an important role in the story and are voiced by, and then turned against, Scrooge. When asked whether he wishes to support a charity, Scrooge replies that prisons and workhouses are all the charity the poor need. The harshness of these remarks are later presented to Scrooge in a different context and he begins to realize the full error of his ways- a major point in the story. Dickens, contrary to Scrooges thinking, later criticizes these opinions when we are shown the extent of the Cratchits poverty. I believe the sympathy Dickens arouses when describing the house, stems from his own childhood where he was forced to work in a workhouse similar to those Scrooge talks about. This, I think, provides strong emotional aspects in the text and enables Dickens to effectively compel his audience to disagree with the social views presented.

Race And Crime In The United States Criminology Essay

Race And Crime In The United States Criminology Essay The relationship between race and crime in the United States has been a topic of public controversy and scholarly debate for more than a century.[1] Since the 1980s, the debate has centered around the causes of and contributing factors to the disproportional representation of racial minorities (particularly African Americans, hence Black crime) at all stages of the criminal justice system, including arrests, prosecutions and incarcerations.[2] Many theories of causation have been proposed, the most prominent of which assume predominantly social and/or environmental causes, though notable exceptions argue for a reconsideration of the role of biology.[3] Sociologist Orlando Patterson has summarized the controversy as a dispute between liberal and conservative criminologists in which both parties focus on a single aspect of the causal net, with liberals focusing on factors external to the groups in question and conservatives focusing on internal cultural and behavioral factors.[4] History Further information: Anthropological criminology http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/WEB_DuBois_1918.jpg/150px-WEB_DuBois_1918.jpg http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.17/common/images/magnify-clip.png W. E. B. Du Bois, one of the pioneers in the study of race and crime in the United States. The relationship between race and crime has been an area of study for criminologists since the emergence of anthropological criminology in the late 19th century.[5] Cesare Lombroso, founder of the Italian school of criminology, argued that criminal behavior was the product of biological factors, including race. This biological perspective was criticized by early 20th century scholars, including Frances Kellor, Johan Thorsten Sellin and William Du Bois, who argued that other circumstances, such as social and economic conditions, were the central factors which led to criminal behavior, regardless of race. Du Bois traced the causes of the disproportional representation of Blacks in the criminal justice system back to the improperly handled emancipation of Black slaves in general and the convict leasing program in particular. In 1901, he wrote: There are no reliable statistics to which one can safely appeal to measure exactly the growth of crime among the emancipated slaves. About seventy per cent of all prisoners in the South are black; this, however, is in part explained by the fact that accused Negroes are still easily convicted and get long sentences, while whites still continue to escape the penalty of many crimes even among themselves. And yet allowing for all this, there can be no reasonable doubt but that there has arisen in the South since the [civil] war a class of black criminals, loafers, and neer-do-wells who are a menace to their fellows, both black and white.[6] The debate that ensued remained largely academic until the late 20th century, when the relationship between race and crime became a recognized field of specialized study in criminology. As Helen T. Greene and Shaun L. Gabbidon, professor of criminal justice at Pennsylvania State University, note in their recently published Encyclopedia of Race and Crime (2009), many criminology and criminal justice programs now either require or offer elective courses on the topic of the relationship between race and crime.[7] Crime rate statistics Murder and non-negligent homicide There were 14,180 victims and 16,277 perpetrators of murder and non-negligent homicide reported by law enforcement agencies to the FBI in 2008.[25] The following table presents the racial demographics of murder in the United States for 2008 (with other including Asian American, Native American, Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander American):[26] à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬Å" Offendersà ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬Å" Victimsà ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬Å" White victimsà ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬Å" Black victimsà ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬Å" Other victimsà ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬Å" Unknown victimsà ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬Å" White 32.8% 48.2% 83.3% 7.6% 30.0% 37.0% Black 36.5% 47.8% 13.8% 90.0% 16.7% 29.0% Other 1.7% 2.3% 1.2% 0.3% 52.0% 3.0% Unknown 29.0% 1.7% 1.6% 2.1% 1.2% 31.0% African Americans, constituting approximately 12% of the general population, were significantly overrepresented in the total arrests made. African Americans were also significantly overrepresented in victimization, representing 47% of all murder victims. White Americans and individuals of Other race were significantly underrepresented in cases of murder and non-negligible homicide in 2008. Murder in White American and African American populations were overwhelmingly intraracial, with 83% of all White victims and 90% of all Black victims having been murdered by individuals of the same race. The same was true, though to a lesser degree, for individuals of Other race, with 52% having been murdered by individuals also of Other race. [edit] Non-lethal violent crime Law enforcement agencies made 2,487 arrests for forcible rape, 27,476 arrests for robbery and 42,779 arrests for aggravated assault in 2008.[27] The following table presents the racial demographics of these non-lethal violent crimes in the United States for 2008: à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬Å" Totalà ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬Å" Rapeà ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬Å" Robberyà ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬Å" Aggravated assaultà ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬Å" White 58.3% 65.2% 41.7% 63.3% Black 39.4% 32.2% 56.7% 34.2% Native 1.2% 1.2% 0.7% 1.4% Asian/Pacific Islander 1.1% 1.4% 0.9% 1.2% White Americans were arrested more than any other race for non-lethal violent crimes in 2008, making up 58% of all arrests. White Americans, constituted approximately 79% of the total population. This survey does not make a distinction between non hispanic whites and hispanic whites. Asian Americans and Pacific Islander Americans, constituted approximately 4% of the total population made up only 1% of total arrests. African Americans contituted approximately 12% of the population, and made up 39% of all arrests for non-lethal violent crimes in 2008. The following table presents the racial and ethnic demographics of non-lethal violent crime victimization per 1000 persons age 12 or older in 2008 (with other including Asian American, Native American, Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander American):[28] à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬Å" Totalà ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬Å" Rapeà ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬Å" Robberyà ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬Å" Aggravated assaultà ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬Å" Simple assaultà ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬Å" White 18.1 0.6 1.6 3.0 12.8 Black 25.9 1.9 5.5 5.3 13.3 Hispanic 16.4 0.6 3.4 3.5 8.9 Other 15.2 0.9 3.0 2.8 8.5 Multi 51.6 1.9 6.8 6.8 36.1 Multiracial Americans reported being victimized by non-lethal violent crime at rates 2 to 3 times higher than White Americans, African Americans, and individuals of Other race. Hispanic Americans reported being victimized by non-lethal violent crime at rates lower than that of non-Hispanic White Americans and African Americans. With the exception of simple assault, African Americans reported being victimized by non-lethal violent crime at rates significantly higher than those of White Americans, Hispanic Americans, and individuals of Other race. [edit] Property crime Law enforcement agencies made 235,407 arrests for burglary, 979,145 arrests for larceny/theft, 74,881 arrests for motor vehicle theft and 10,734 arrests for arson in 2008.[27] The following table presents the racial demographics of these property crimes in the United States for 2008: à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬Å" Totalà ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬Å" Burglaryà ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬Å" Larceny-theftà ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬Å" Motor vehicle theftà ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬Å" Arsonà ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬Å" White 67.4% 66.8% 68.1% 59.7% 78.8% Black 30.1% 31.4% 29.3% 38.1% 21.7% Native 1.2% 0.9% 1.3% 1.1% 1.2% Asian/Pacific Islander 1.3% 0.9% 1.4% 1.2% 1.2% White Americans (including hispanics and non hispanics) were arrested more than any other race for property crimes in 2008, making up 67% of all arrests. With the exception of arson, White Americans were significantly underrepresented in all property crimes, as were Asian Americans and Pacific Islander Americans. African Americans were significantly overrepresented in all forms of property crime, making up 30% of all arrests. [edit] Racially motivated hate crime There were 3,870 incidents of racially motivated hate crime reported in 2007, with 4,724 individual offenses, 4,956 victims and 3,707 known offenders.[29] The following table presents the racial demographics of these hates crimes in the United States for 2007:[30] à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬Å" Offendersà ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬Å" Victimsà ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬Å" Anti-Whiteà ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬Å" Anti-Blackà ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬Å" Anti-Nativeà ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬Å" Anti-Asian/Pac. Isl.à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬Å" Anti-Multià ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬Å" White 45.9% 18.3% 18.5% 54.1% 58.6% 41.5% 36.6% Black 10.6% 69.2% 45.2% 2.4% 4.0% 8.2% 2.1% Native 1.5% 1.1% 2.5% 0.6% 9.3% 0.5% 1.4% Asian/Pacific Islander 0.4% 4.7% 0.7% 0.3% 0.0% 1.4% 0.0% Multi 2.5% 6.1% 2.4% 2.0% 0.0% 5.0% 6.7% Unknown race/Other 6.7% 0.5% 5.4% 7.1% 5.3% 6.0% 6.3% Unknown offender 32.7% 25.2% 33.4% 22.7% 37.4% 46.8% White Americans were identified as having committed the most racially motivated hate crimes in 2007, making up nearly 46% of all reported offenders. Asian Americans and Pacific Islander Americans were identified as having committed the least racially motivated hate crimes, making up less than 1% of all reported offenders. African Americans reported being victimized by racially motivated hate crime more frequently than any other race, making up 69% of all victims. [edit] White-collar crime Law enforcement agencies made 68,586 arrests for forgery and counterfeiting, 173,567 arrests for fraud and 16,314 arrests for embezzlement in 2008.[27] The following table presents the racial demographics of these white-collar crimes in the United States for 2008: à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬Å" Totalà ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬Å" Forgery-counterfeitingà ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬Å" Fraudà ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬Å" Embezzlementà ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬Å" White 67.4% 67.7% 67.5% 64.5% Black 30.9% 30.7% 30.8% 33.4% Native 0.7% 0.5% 0.8% 0.6% Asian/Pacific Islander 0.9% 1.1% 0.8% 1.5% White Americans (including hispanics and non hispanics) were arrested more than any other race for these white-collar crimes in 2008, making up 67% of all arrests. White Americans, constituting approximately 79% of the total population, were significantly underrepresented in the total arrests made, as were Asian Americans and Pacific Islander Americans. African Americans were significantly overrepresented in forgery/counterfeiting, fraud and embezzlement, making up nearly 31% of all arrests.

An Introduction To Sequences In Mathematics English Language Essay

An Introduction To Sequences In Mathematics English Language Essay This is an introduction to sequences. In mathematics, that is, discrete mathematics have learned about sequences, which is an ordered list of elements. The sequences is about arrangement of objects, people, tasks, grocery items, books, movies, or numbers, which has an order associated with it. Like a set, it contains members and the number of terms. This members is called elements or terms and the number of terms is also called the length of the sequences. Sequences having a natural numbers. There are all even numbers and odd numbers. This usually defined according to the formula: Sn = a, function of n = 1,2,3,a set A= {1,2,3,4} is a sequence. B = {1,1,2,2,3,3,} is though the numbers of repeating. There are specific sequences that have their own formulas and methods for finding the value of terms, such as arithmetic and geometric sequences. List of numbers, finite and infinite, that follow some rules are called sequences.P,Q,R,S is a sequences letters that differ from R,Q,P,S, as the ordering matters. Sequences can be finite or infinite. For this example is finite sequence. For example of infinite is such as the sequence of all odd positive integers (1,3,5,.). Finite sequences are sometimes known as strings or words, and infinite sequences as streams. The empty sequence ( ) is included in most notions of sequence, but may be excluded depending on the context. In this topic means sequences, there are covered about indexing, operation on sequences, sequences of integers, subsequences, increasing, decreasing, nonincreasing, nondecreasing, sigma notation, and pi notation. Besides that, in this topic also discuss about changing the index and limit in sum. Background A sequences was created by Leonardo Pisano Bigollo (1180-1250). Pisano means from Pisa and Fibonacci which means son of Bonacci. He known as by his nickname, Fibonacci. He was born in Pisa which is now part in Italy, the city with the famous Leaning Tower. He played important role in reviving ancient methematical skills, as well as making significant contributions of his own. He was known for a great interset in math. Because of the Fibonacci Series, He is most known. A series of numbers approaching nature reality. For example, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 5, 233, 300, 377, The sum of the 2 preceding numbers are from each succeding number. Fibonacci was a member of the Bonacci family and traveled all around the Mediterranean as a boy. He traveled with his father who held a diplomatic post. To excel in solving a wide variety of mathematical problems, His keen interest in mathematics and his exposure to other cultures allowed Fibonacci. Fibonacci is probably best known for discovering the Fibonacci sequence. Besides that, A sequences is also was created by Leonardo Fibonacci. He is the Italian mathematician. He also known as Leonardo of Pisa, documented the mathematical sequences often found in nature in 1202 in his book, Liber Abaci which means book of the abacusIn the sequences, each number is sum of two numbers, such as 1 + 1 = 2, 1 + 2 = 3, 2 + 2 = 4, and so on. That sequence can be found in the spirals on the skin of a pineapple, sunflowers, seashells, the DNA double helix and, yes, pine cones. Sequences is one such technique is a make use of Fibonacci sequences in futures. Fibonacci who was innate in 1170. He found which a settlement reoccurred in nature, as well as a settlement was subsequent from a mathematical judgment of a fibre of numbers a third series is a total of a dual prior to it. In 2000, A sequence of posters designed at the Issac Newton Institute for Mathematical Sciences which were displayed month by month in the trains of London Underground to celebrate world mathematical year 2000. The aim of the posters was to bring maths to life A sequence of posters designed at the Issac Newton Institute for Mathematical Sciences. The aim of the posters was to bring maths to life, illustrating the wide applications of modern mathematics in all branches of science includes physical, biological, technological and financial. Each poster gives relevant mathematical links and information about mathematical. Show more Result of the research A sequences is ordered list of elements that normally defined according to this formula, Sn = a function of n = 1,2,3,If S is a sequences {Sn | n = 1,2,3,},] S1 denotes the first elements, S2 denoted the second elements and so on. The indexing set of the sequences,n usually the indexing set is natural number,N or infinite subset of N. In operations on sequences, If s = { a,b,c,d,e,f } is a sequences, then -head of s = a -tail of s = {b,c,d,e,f} -tail of s = {a,b,c,d,e} -last s = f For Concatenation of sequences, If S1 = {a,b,c} and s2 = {d,e}. Hence, concatenation of s1 n s2 denoted as = {a,b,c,d,e} For this concatenation of sequences, punctuation mark , must be written between these alphabet. Increasing sequences and decreasing sequences are two important types of sequences. Their relatives are nonincreasing and nondecreasing. Sn Sn+1 is used when sequences of s is decreasing for all n for which n for which n and n+1 are in the domain of the sequences. A sequences is nonincreasing if Sn à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¥ Sn+1 for all n for which n and n+1 are in the domain of the sequences. A sequences is nondecreasing if Snà ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¤ Sn+1 for all n for which n and n+1 are in the domain of the sequences. Example:- For increasing, Sn = 2^n 1. n= 1, 2, 3,.The first element of s are 1, 3, 5, 7,. For decreasing, Sn = 4-2^n, n = 1, 2, 3,The first few elements of s are 2, 0, -2, -4, . For nonincreasing, The sequences 100, 40, 40, 60, 60, 60, 30. For nondecreasing, the sequences of 1, 2, 3, 3, 4, 5, 5 The sequences 100, is increasing, decreasing, nonincreasing, nondecreasing since there is no value of i for which both i and i+1 are indexes. A subsequences of a sequences s is a sequences t that consists of certain elements of s retained in the original order they had in s. Example: let s = { Sn = n | n = 1,2,3,} 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8, let t = { t=2n | n = 2,4,6,} 4, 8, 12, Hence, t is a subsequences of s. Two important operations on numerical sequences are adding and multiplying terms. Sigma notation, sum_{i=1}^{100}i. is about sum and summation. Summation is the operation of combining a sequence of numbers using addition. Hence, there are become a sum or total. Example: sum_{i=1}^ni = frac{n^2+n}2 For capital sigma notation, sum_{i=m}^n x_i = x_m + x_{m+1} + x_{m+2} +dots+ x_{n-1} + x_n. Example: sum_{k=2}^6 k^2 = 2^2+3^2+4^2+5^2+6^2 = 90 Pi is a product symbol for product of sequences of terms. This is alsoncaaled multiplication between all natural numbers. Pi notation, prod_{i=m}^n x_i = x_m cdot x_{m+1} cdot x_{m+2} cdot ,,cdots,, cdot x_{n-1} cdot x_n. Example: prod_{i=2}^6 left(1 + {1over i}right) = left(1 + {1over 2}right) cdot left(1 + {1over 3}right) cdot left(1 + {1over 4}right) cdot left(1 + {1over 5}right) cdot left(1 + {1over 6}right) = {7over 2}. Changing the index and limits in a sum. The formula to change the index and limit to the sum is, à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ_(1=0)^nà ¢-’à £Ã¢â€š ¬-ir^à £Ã¢â€š ¬-n-1 Limit of Sequence The notation of limit of a sequence is very natural. The fundamental concept of which the whole of analysis ultimately rests is that of the limit of the sequence. By considering some examples can make the position clear. Consider the sequence In this sequence, no number is zero. But we can see that the closer to zero the number of, the larger the number of n is. This state of relation can express by saying that as the number of tends to 0, the n increases, or that the sequence can converges to 0, or that they possess the limit to 0. The points crowd closer n closer to the point 0 as n increases; this means that the numbers are represented as points on a line. This situation is similar in the case of the sequence Here, too, as n increases, the numbers tends to 0; the only difference is that the numbers are sometimes less than and sometimes greater the limit 0; as we say, they oscillate about the limit. The convergence of the sequence to 0 is usually expressed by the equation or occasionally by the abbreviation . We consider the sequence where the integral index n takes all the value 1, 2, 3 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. . We can see at once that as n increases, the number will approach closer and closer to the number 1 if we write, in the sense that if we mark off any interval about the point 1 all the numbers following a certain must fall in that interval. We write The sequence behaves in a similar way. This sequence also tends to a limit as n increases, to the limit 1, in symbols, . We see this most readily if we write . Here, we need to show that as n increases the number tends to 0. For all values of n greater than 2 we have and. Hence, for the remainder we have , from which at once that tend to 0 as n increases. It is also gives an estimate of the amount by which the number (for can differ maximum from the limit 1; this certainly cant exceed . The example only considered illustrates the fact to naturally expect that for large values of n the terms with the highest indices in the numerator and denominator of the fraction for predominate and that they determine the limit. Applications 1)Fibonacci number Nowadays or in era science of technology, We will find a Fibonacci number using C++ programming. The following sequences are considered: 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34,.Two numbers of the sequence, a_1 and a_2 , the nth number a_n, n >=3.a_n = a_(n-1) + a_(n-2).Thus, a_3 = a_1 + a_2 = 1 + 1 = 2,a_4 = a_2 + a_3, and so on. Such a sequence is called a Fibonacci sequence. In the preceding sequence, a_2 = 1, and a_1 = 1, However any first two numbers, using this process. Nth number a_n, n >= 3 of the sequnces can be determined. The number has been determined this way is called the nth Fibonacci number. a_2 = 6 and a_1 = 3. Then, a_3 = a_2 + a_1 = 6 + 3 = 9, a_4 = a_3 + a_2 = 9 + 16 = 15. 2) Draft snake This game is most famous a long time ago. But now, a new generation still playing this game at free time. This game is closely with sequences which is about the numbers or all natural number but in this game, only positive number that have in this checker. However, it still in a sequences. Firstly, a player must play a dice to get a number so that he or she can move one place to another place to get a winner. These place to pleace is refer to the number. Each number that get from a dice will moves our position until he or she become a winner. Conclusion As we know, a sequences is about a series of numbers. A series of numbers in sequences, which is all natural number includes positive and negative integers, could be a finite sequence from some data source or an infinite sequence from a discrete dynamical system. All of the students, which is the students from the programming course learn about this topic in discrete mathematic as a minor subject in their course. Majoriti of the students said that this topic very interesting to learn and easy to score to get a highest marks in examination, test and others. Although this topic was considered very interesting to learn and easy to get a highest marks, but in this topis is also have a part that difficult to score and bored to learn. A difficult part was identified is the formula that used in this sequences. For example, one of the subtopic in a sequences is when to changing the index and limits in a sum, à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ_(1=0)^nà ¢-’à £Ã¢â€š ¬-ir^n-1à £Ã¢â€š ¬-. This formula is difficult to remembered among of the students. It is not only difficult to remembered, but a student is also difficult to remembered a way to calculate this problem where a question want a student change the index and limits in a sum. So, to solve these problem, another way must be created so that a student can solve these problem easier. May be a formula is fixed means it cannot be changed. Nowadays, a lot of ways was created by among of students to solve these problem. So another ideas must found themselves so that it easier to remembered. As a conclusion here, the subtopics in a sequences has interesting to learn and not interesting to learn. Besides that, it has easy to remembered and not easy to remembered. Here, does not all of topic are easy. This condition mest be identified so that a problem can be solved immediately and corretly among the students.

The Internet :: essays research papers

The Internet The Internet is a wide-open arena for public discussion and interaction that needs to be regulated; protective rules, including censorship if necessary, must be instituted to ensure that this environment is kept hospitable to all. Recently a month ago, I got hooked up to America Online (AOL). I agree that the Internet is a wide-open arena for public discussion and interaction but, I disagree that it needs to be regulated. The Internet is a place where anything can occur. It is just like talking to someone on the phone; instead you are typing to them. You can have a conversation about anything you want to talk about. It doesn't need protective rules or censorship. If it gets censorship then it will be taking away our freedom of speech. Everybody has the right to say whatever they want. That's what they are doing on the Internet. When I am logged onto AOL, I sometimes go into a chat room. In the chat room you meet people form all over the world. In there sometimes there is some profanity used. People also say stuff that might offend you right away. This has happened to me. One night, when I was in a chat room, the room went into a conversation about relationships. We were all talking about previous boyfriends and girlfriends: how many, names and ages. Some girl that I didn't even know told them, "Garrett32† (my screen name) had 100 girlfriends by the time I was 18. â€Å"Love’em and leave’em.† â€Å"He is a jerk." My immediate reaction was to curse the girl out but, I didn't. I just left the chat room. That was the best thing I could have done. If I had cursed her out he probably would have notified AOL. Nobody told me that I had to sit there and listen to what she was saying. If I had stayed and listened to her then that would have been my fault. I would have been the one staying there to get the abuse. America Online gives you the option to notify them if someone said something inappropriately or not to your liking. They check on the problem to see what really happened. If it is true that person's account is canceled. That is a good way of keeping the Internet hospitable. I think that someone should go on line only if they are able to put up with all the things that occur on it. If someone isn't then they shouldn't be online. I am not saying that everything that occurs on line it all right, but you can't get offended about everything.

The World Is Flat by Thomas Friedman Essay -- Thomas Friedman

The book, The World is Flat, by Thomas Friedman draws attention to some very good points concerning globalization and the world economy today. Friedman emphasizes the status of America today in relation to the other countries of the world. As I looked at the things in which he warned about or highlighted, I realized the importance of this issue. He talks about a few aspects in which need to be kept competitive in order for America to retain their current standing in the world market. First of all, Friedman talks about the different levels of globalization. There are 3 different time periods in which the society has differed and changed, bringing us to where we are today. Globalization 1.0, which took place from 1492 to 1800, was the first step to making the world flatter. The coming to America, and the industrial drive that came along with this is what most characterized globalization 1.0. The industry drive was about things such as manpower and horsepower, and how well we could utilize these in the world market. This caused the world to â€Å"shrink† a little bit, and become flatter. With the discovery of a new world, it broadened the area in which business was conducted, but the commonality of rule and trade caused the distance to be spanned more frequently. I think Friedman’s notions regarding globalization 1.0 is very accurate. The world in our terms began in 1492 with the discovery of North America. Once the area began to be inhabited and set tled, there was much more worldwide interaction. Communications and trade between the American colonies and England increased, and this began a more stable business of worldwide association. I believe that Friedman’s theory is true, because the discovery of a land across the ocean for th... ...prevent this. This can be done through increasing importance on aspects such as the arts, or things that cannot be reproduced by computers or technology. Friedman stresses the importance of fine-tuning right-brained activities and applications. Also, a passion for what one is doing and having good people skills can greatly increase one’s desirability. Friedman’s theories have actually caused me to think a little bit differently about how the world job market is evolving. He seemed to make very valid points about being culturally and internationally aware, and the stressing the importance of keeping up with the level of expectation today. Through being introduced to these important issues, I feel as if I can be more aware and competitive as I live in a flatter world. Work Cited Friedman, Thomas L. (1996). The world is flat. New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux.

Promoting Computer Literacy Among Student Essay

A. TITLE OF THE POLICY PAPER Promoting Computer Literacy among Student in Lanao Del Sur B. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM Through scientific and technological progress, the world has become a single global community. Modern means of telecommunication and transportation have fostered the rapid sharing of information, ideas and resources among the nations of the world. This is the challenge that faces Philippine society today – to become part of the global technological community. BELLAFLOR J. ANGARA-CASTILLO (The problem is focused on the low Computer Literacy among students in Lanao Del Sur) Living in the information Age; in this fast-paced era of globalization, computer literacy has been a necessary skill everyone must possess along with Arithmetic and Reading. It is in fact expected among students and workers in different institutions to be computer literate. The studies have revealed that many Meranaos and Non-Meranaos living in Lanao Del Sur are behind in Computer Literacy. In fact, many students in Lanao Del Sur are not even par with thosestudents in Luzon and urban areas. Survey on Internet Access and Use by Filipino SchoolchildrenFinal Report (Summary nationwide Findings)explain the reason why some Filipino Schoolchildren are not using internet. Reasons for not using the Internet centered mainly on the absence of Internetconnection at home/school (61%) and computer illiteracy (51%). Lack of Internetconnection at home may be due to economic reasons as well asparents’ low educational background, since 83 percent of the non-users arepublic school students.The high level of computer illiteracy should be a priority concern sinceâ€Å"competitiveness† and â€Å"survival† of children in today’s Knowledge Society is toa great extent dependent on digital literacy. Computer classes are notavailable in public elementary schools compared with private schools. Filipino schoolchildren are computer literate as almost three-fourths (74%)have access to the Internet. But schoolchildren in the Visayas and MetroManila have greater access than their counterparts in the Cordilleras andMindanao as approximately 9 out of 10 schoolchildren in these areas areInternet users. Schoolchildren from lower grades, i.e. elementary than high school students,have lesser access to Internet. Several reasons can be cited: while theDepartment of Education (DepED) has a program which provides computerpackages to public high schools, this is not available to public elementaryschools; elementary pupils are less mobile than older children, e.g. going tomalls; parents have more control on their activities and whereabouts, etc. Majority (51%) of schoolchildren reported â€Å"not knowing how to use thecomputer† as reason for not using the Internet, it is important that computerliteracy should now be included in the school curriculum especially in publicschools where computer illiteracy is more pronounced. (This survey shows that the people of Mindanao iss behind incomputer literacy compare to the people of Luzon and Visayas) This is an alarming issue since while other countries are devising robots already, our citizens (Filipinos) have not even explored much about computers or worse some have not even tried using it once. With the situation all the more the Philippines cannot compete with other countries. Computer Literacy is an important asset that every citizen should have. These canhelp in contributing to the workforce and equipping oneself with the information essential for ones’ development both personally and professionally. While other countries are on the milestone of invention and innovation, if this problem on poor computer literacy among students in Lanao Del Sur be unresolved, we will always be left behind still groping in trying how such innovation works. While they are already benefitting much to it, we are just about in the process of learning it. To gain a skill in Computer literacy is just but gaining access in the intricate system of technology melded by great minds that could pave the way for our development. 2. Causesand background of the problem Factors that lead to the development of the said problem are: First, school computers are not enough for the student. Some schools do have computers but this is not enough to accommodate every students. Sometimes only the students in first section are the one who are benefited in using computer. Second, the capability of teachers who teach computer subject. For those schools do have computer class the problem is the teachers do not have the quality to teach computer literacy because they don’t have any good background how to use the computer system properly. Third schools don’t have enough funds to buy computers equipment for their student. Schools especially in the remote areas don’t have enough budget or no budget at all to buy computer equipment for their students. 3. Undesirable social conditions that result from the problem. 1. The numbers of student who are illiterate in using computer will increase. Students of Lanao Del Sur who are computer illiterate will increase they become ignorant in using Information Technology (IT). 2. The student will not benefit of what technology brought to us. While other students of Luzon and Visayas are already benefited much to it, the students of Lanao Del Sur are just about in learning it. . 3. It will destroy the image of quality of education in our society. The quality of education in Lanao Del Sur will become low, because while students using the information technology our students still attached to the old technique of teaching education. When we say basic computer literacy we mean how to turn off/on the computer properly, how to use basic computer program such as, Microsoft Word, Microsoft PowerPoint, Microsoft Excel and how to make e-mail account and send e-mail account. Computer literacy should be include in school curricula at early level in Grade school grade six and seven. In highs cool computer literacy to introduce to the student in year level 3rd and 4th year for them to master basic computer program. C. REVIEWS ON PREVIOUS EFFORT ON THE PROBLEM The Philippines Constitution 1987 has mandated â€Å"ARTICLE II Declaration of Principles & State Policies† and ARTICLE XIV Education, Science and Technology, Arts, Culture and Sports,says that the state shall give priority to Education, Promote and Protect the right of all students to quality education to all levels and shall take appropriate steps to make such education to all. There are some proposed House Bills and Senate Bill aim to promote technical and scientific literacy in computer education among the Filipino Youth. House Bill No. 880 AN ACT TO INTEGRATE COMPUTER EDUCATION INTO THE ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY CURRICULUM AND APPROPRIATING FUNDS THEREFOR House Bill No. 2096 AN ACT CREATING SPECIAL COMPUTER LITERACY EDUCATION PROGRAM FOR PUBLIC SCHOOLS AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES House Bill No. 447 AN ACT TO INTEGRATE COMPUTER EDUCATION INTO THE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES Senate Bill No. 1118 AN ACTTO INTEGRATE A COMPUTER EDUCATION PROGRAMINTO THE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES All of these proposed bills say that it is the priority of a state to promote and support computer literacy at the earliest grade level both in the Public and Private schools system of the country. The state shall provide for an educational computer program integrated in the existing elementary and secondary school curricula. However, as observed, this not fully implemented. Perhaps, it was on the ground of lack of funds.â€Å"The main cause of this is the lack of funds.† Textbooks and school infrastructure alone are not much priority which themselves are not also resolved. To some schools blessed with few computers, the students cannot even learn from it since they were not given hands-on activities for them. Even if for some schools that have computer subjects in their school curriculum, the manner of instruction is not good enough. It was due to the fact that the school curriculum is not fully implemented. The subject exists but the classes for it are not executed. In some cases where there is computer class, the problem is on the teachers who themselves are computer illiterate. That is because they were product of traditional curriculum and weren’t provided with proper training for computer instruction. This again implies that a funding should also be allotted for training teachers who will handle computer subjects especially for those living in remote areas. Capability Building for Teachers School teachers also need training in media and information literacy. This willequip them with skills needed in making their students critical mediaproducers and consumers and at the same time provide teacherscompetencies in using media as teaching-learning tools. UNESCO hasproduced a model curriculum on Media and Information Literacy forSecondary School Teachers which can be adapted in local setting. The Internet has emerged as an important teaching-learning tool as learnersbetter appreciate the learning process when it is mediated. Teachers shouldbe provided with professional development opportunities to help them modeleffective use of the Internet as a tool for students’ learning, includingintegrating Internet learning with regular classroom learning.Schools should encourage blogging among students since it enhancescreativity and writing skills. The Education Sector (Department of Education, Public and PrivateSchools) Computer Facilities in All Schools While we recognize that even basic needs are still wanting in many public elementary and high schools, there is a need to address the digital dividebetween public and private schools. Still, many private schools in theregions also lack computer facilities. The Department of Education andother government agencies should come up with more â€Å"innovative†approaches in mobilizing resources for investing in computer acquisition.Some proposals have already been forwarded recently, e.g. tax on textingthe revenue to be used in acquiring computers for all public schoolsnationwide. Computer acquisition should be complemented by Internetconnectivity. With this seen problem, some NGO’s extended a helping hand.The USAID GEM-CLIC for instance together with its external links such as the (STEP-UP) Stop Trafficking and Exploitation of People Through Unlimited Potential), and the Microsoft Potential from US conducted Computer and Life Skills Training among youth especially for those out of school youth and vulnerable groups such as victims of human trafficking. Their goal is to provide Computer and Life Skills Training to equip Filipinos with these skills they can use for livelihood here instead of going abroad; thus to prevent being a victim of human trafficking. This project was launched in November 2009 in Patani Marawi City and has indeed produced batch of computer literate youth out of school and some adults. D. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE POLICY PAPER Computer Literacy is an asset for a society transforming and adapting tothe globalization trend. In this Information Age, where there’s an explosion of knowledge, grasping it can be possible with just the tip of your finger. Thus computer literacy is a big advantage among students and workforce. In fact, nowadays, computer literacy is always a big qualification searched for an applicant. Because whatever institutions are utilizing computers. The students and the workforce; whether teachers, clerks, staff from smallest to biggest business establishment and even in government institution will benefit from this trend provided they are computer literate. E. OBJECTIVE OF THE POLICY PROPOSAL General Objective This proposed policy aims to promote literacy in computer education among the students in Lanao Del Sur. This seeks to integrate basic computer education into school curriculum; this proposed policy also mandates sufficient funding for the program. Specific Objectives * Toask the government to provide funds for this project. * To urge the school administrator to a curriculum integrating computer class. * To have a strict implementation of computer literacy instructor among schools whereby an assessment on should be given to students to keep track of their development and to monitor as well as the conducting of computer class both by the DepEd and local government. F. STRATEGIES AND PROCEDURE ON HOW TO START THE POLICY MOVE 1. Inform Mrs. SafinaMacabando-BacaratthePrincipal of Marinaut Elementary School she is also concern with Computer Literacy. To check for any additional information or review of this proposed policy paper. 2. Inform Mrs. JalilaMacabando-Dimal a sister of Principal SafinaMacabando-Bacarat who is a Supervisor in East District to support this proposed policyand tell her co-Supervisors that they a need to pay attention to the problem of Computer Literacy in among students inLanao Del Sur. 3. Send a letter for an appointment with the head of local offices such as Department of Education (DepEd) in Lanao Del sur. Give them a copy of this proposed policy. Mrs. JalilaMacabando-Dimal would be able to convince Mrs.Mona A. MacatanongMarawi Superintendent and the DepEd since she is the supervisor of the East District. Discuss the problem about computer literacy among the students in L.D.S , to have strict impelentation in Computer education and inform every school who that their permit to operate a school will remove if they will not cooperate. 4. Connect with the NGO’ssuch as USAID together STEP-UP Stop Trafficking and Exploitations of People through Unlimited Potential and the Microsoft Potential from US conducted Computer and Life Skill Training. 5. Send a letter for an appointment with the Regional DepEdSecretary JamarKulayan, Mrs. JalilaMacabando-Dimal through Mona A. Macatanong if there’s an increase of literacy in computer education. 6. Meeting with the DepEd Secretary, Supervisors and Principals of different provinces in Lanao Del Sur and the NGOs to provide a real plan and a system in meeting the demands in providing more computers and increase of literacy in computer education. 7. Secure a copy as reference or review of this proposed policy paper in the congress.

Common App Essay Essay

How to Write a Common App Essay Entering a college calls for persistence, curiosity, articulation and talent. A common application essay will make it possible to reveal all your talents, background and acquired knowledge. Every student should be well aware of how to write such types of papers. As a rule, there is no difference for the teachers what topic you are going to choose. The only thing that really matters is that your topic is meaningful to you. How to Start a Common App Essay Starting to write such an essay is rather easy. All you need to do is focus on your keen interests, likes, preferences and talents. The term paper is not about boasting your skills or showing off. Yet, you need to point out your key advantages and background on a particular topic. Therefore, choosing an interest style of talking about yourself, basically, selling yourself is of great significance. Common App Essay Topics and Examples Describe a person you admire. Why do you want to attend this school? What is a book you love? What is an extracurricular activity that has been meaningful to you? What is your favorite sport? Who is your favorite author? Who is your favorite actor? Who is your favorite politician? How does a failure affect you? Compare decisions you made while challenging a belief Discuss a formal event Discuss an informal event Share your background What subjects are you good at? Who affects your actions in family? What is your favorite art form? Describe your ideal lecture How will you make friends with your classmates? What is the most defining event in your life? What can influence your choice? Common App Essay Outline and Format A common app essay does not have a strict outline. Nevertheless, it is supposed to be well-organized and structured. Use a traditional outline featuring such defined sections as: Introduction Body Paragraph Conclusion Read more at: Â   Â   Â   dcjkhttps://studymoose.com/common-app-essay-topics