Discussion questions - International marketing Essay

Discussion questions - International marketing - Essay Example Factor analysis can be suitably used in a situation when the data to be analyzed is quiet large (Lehmann, Gupta & Steckel, 1997). Cluster analysis fits for analyzing inherently grouped data (Lehmann, Gupta & Steckel, 1997) and helpful in dealing raw data into clusters. This type of analysis helps determine similarities and variations between local and regional markets. Another type of analysis is Multidimensional scaling. It uses statistical technique in for graphic or 3D visualizing information and data. It also allows sifting of similar and dissimilar patterns in a data (Grover & Vriens, 2006). This technique is utilized when a marketer is required to select between varied alternatives. Conjoint analysis on the other hand, helps the international market researchers understand how consumers’ value varied attributes or features associated with a product or a service (Grover & Vriens, 2006). This helps marketers come out with combined optimized information technology (IT) attri butes preferred or acceptable by customers (Lehmann, Gupta & Steckel, 1997). Comparative Analysis help marketer solve problems associated with two markets, products, services or processes that are almost same or comparable to a great extent (Lehmann, Gupta & Steckel, 1997). ... e methods (regression, correlation, cross tabulations), and multivariate methods (including multiple regression, cluster analysis, multiple factor indices and multidimensional scaling) (Moyer, 1968). Other marketers also use analytical techniques of industrial growth pattern; income elasticity measurements; regional lead-lag analysis; and analogy (Moyer, 1968). Industrial growth patterns help gather information relating to market demands using statistical computation which can be sourced from in-country sources. Income elasticity measurement, on the other hand, describes the relations between demand for goods and changes in income (Moyer, 1968). To cite an example, the demand for basic agricultural products decline if income rises. Regional lead-lag analysis on the other hand predicts the pattern of demand in a considered country is similar to leading country. For instance, if Philippines will have new method of drying abaca; it is likely the other abacca producing neighboring countr ies will follow this system(Moyer, 1968). Analogy, a process of analyzing information, could also be used in estimating market demand. This can be done either by cross sectional comparison or by time series analysis(Moyer, 1968). Cross sectional analysis assumes that a factor which correlates with demand in country A could be translated to country B. Time analysis use time dimension to estimate the international life cycle (Moyer, 1968).. While analysis is relevant, it has also its inherent limitations. 2- What is meant by the phrase global strategic partnership? In what ways does this form of market entry strategy differ from more traditional forms such as joint ventures?   Global Strategic Partnership (GSP) refers to broad-based cooperation and linkages between varied companies aimed at

Types of exploratory research designs Essay Example for Free

Types of exploratory research designs Essay 2. What type of exploratory research designs would you suggest for each of the following situations? Justify your answers using specific illustrations and examples. a. The research and development director of Louis Vuitton suggests a new type of cologne for men that could be promoted by tennis celebrity Marat Safin. b. The General Manager of Thai Spices Restaurant in Hong Kong wishes to offer customers two new and exciting dinner items that would be a blend of fresh durians, herbs and chicken. c. A retail manager would like to know the popularity of a new brand of dishwashing detergent produced by Proctor and Gamble. a) In developing a research design for this particular situation, it would first be a consideration that Louis Vuitton is not an established force in the fragrance market. Vuitton must enter this field relying on the transfer of its superb reputation in current areas of production to the new endeavour. Can the product be successful? Using the Case Study Method would be suitable in answering this question. It may be advisable to explore the success of other companies who have attempted similar campaigns. For example, Tommy Hilfiger (another fashion designer) has attempted and succeeded in entering this market. It would be worthwhile to analyse the past successes and failures of similar companies and use the information in developing the new product. In the further stages of research it would be effective to use focus group interviews to gauge consumer reaction to the product and its prospective face of endorsement. It must be determined if potential customers feel they would be drawn to buy a fragrance created by Vuitton and what characteristics are important in influencing their purchasing decision (eg. Price, Packaging, Place and Promotion). It would be important to determine how the consumer feels about the promotion of the product by Marat Safin. It  is quite possible for example, that the participants of a focus group may feel that the luxurious, prestigious image of Louis Vuitton may slightly clash with the athletic image of Safin. In which case it would be advisable to use the young, attractive, marketable celebrity image of Safin to promote the product and make no link to Safins tennis career. Examples of this can be seen in the promotion of Tag Heuer watches by Mark Philippoussis. In advertising the products there is no connection made between Mark and tennis. It must also be noted that time must be taken to discuss the particulars of the product itself as products cannot survive on endorsement alone as displayed by the past failure of Michael Jordans cologne. Projective Techniques such as a Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) may be useful to use during the focus group(s). Various visual presentations of Safin and/or the cologne can be made to the participants and feedback can be used in further research and development. As the product research matures and the target audience is now more defined, it would at this stage perhaps be beneficial to conduct depth interviews with potential future customers to provide more direction for the development process. b) The General Manager would benefit from first conducting several experience surveys. Asking informed experts about this particular research problem would be invaluable. It must first be established that the recipes are possible and compatible with the restaurant. Interviewing the head chef regarding this matter should answer such questions. It may then be advisable to ask other chefs from other restaurants for their thoughts and feedback on the matter. For example, durians are notorious for smelling terrible; this factor may lead chefs to suggest the ingredient to be quite unpopular. Finally, if the research process gets this far, it would be advisable to survey the most qualified experts of all; the customer (who is always right and is also the most qualified when it comes to assessing their own appetites). If the experience surveys suggest the addition to the menu to be acceptable it may then be advantageous to gauge consumer reaction before investing large sums of time and money into the project. This may be done with a  simple observational study. For example, offering free samples of the food in question to existing customers will provide valuable insight into popular opinion. c) To gain a better, in-depth appreciation of the marketing environment or consumption behaviour with regard to the new brand of detergent it may first be logical to examine any available secondary data. Analysis of such data may give a very clear indication of the brands popularity. As the product is already in circulation, sales information and other related figures may be extremely useful in determining the brands current market status. Experience Surveys may prove effective in this situation as well. There are many opportunities for experience surveys in this particular marketing problem. Anyone from a company executive to a product merchandiser can provide useful experience and knowledge that can benefit the research. Management can be probed for information obtained overseeing the overall operation of selling the product, whilst sales representatives can be questioned about their experience in dealing with front-line sales. Buying trends can also be measured by interviewing individuals outside the organisation; such as wholesalers and retails who can provide very accurate information and figures regarding popularity (ie. sales). Focus groups can also be used in this situation to measure consumer reaction, indeed focus groups are used in the greater majority of all marketing research. As usual the focus group allows the discovery of new ideas, consumer insight, and hidden motivations. A focus group provides direct, undistorted communication from the consumer to the manufacturer. Thoughts and feelings regarding attributes such as the detergents price, quality and general image can be recorded and used in further development if deemed necessary. REFERENCES David Eccles School of Business [Online], Available: http://www.business.utah.edu/~pmkthl/5 [2004, Apr. 14] McDaniel, C. Gates, R. 2002, Marketing Research, South Western, Cincinnati Zikmund, W. G. 2003, Exploring Marketing Research, South Western, Mason

Roman Fever: A Brilliant Display :: Roman Fever Essays

Exposing Gender Stereotypes in Roman Fever    Definitive criteria for judging the success or failure of a work of fiction are not easily agreed upon; individuals almost necessarily introduce bias into any such attempt.   Only those who affect an exorbitantly refined artistic taste, however, would deny the importance of poignancy in literary pieces.   To be sure, writings of dubious and fleeting merit frequently enchant the public, but there is too the occasional author who garners widespread acclaim and whose works remain deeply affecting despite the passage of time.   The continued eminence of the fiction of Edith Wharton attests to her placement into such a category of authors: it is a recognition of her propensity to create poignant and, indeed, successful literature.   The brevity of her "Roman Fever" allows for a brilliant display of this talent in it we find many of her highly celebrated qualities in the space of just a few pages.   "Roman Fever" is truly outstanding: a work that exposes the gender stereotypes of its day (1936) but that moves beyond documentary to reveal something of the perennial antagonisms of human nature.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   From the story's first sentence, upon the introduction of two women of "ripe but well-cared-for middle age," it becomes clear that stereotypes are at issue (Wharton 1116).   This mild description evokes immediate images of demure and supportive wives, their husbands' wards.   Neither woman is without her "handsomely mounted black handbag," and it is not until several paragraphs into the piece that Mrs. Slade and Mrs. Ansley even acquire first names (1117).   Thus, without even disclosing any of the ladies' thoughts to the reader, Wharton has already revealed a great deal of their personal worlds.   They live in a society which expects women to act largely as background figures, thoroughly engaged with furthering their husbands' careers and the constant struggle to remain pretty.   Indeed, little else is desired or even tolerated3/4and Grace Ansley and Alida Slade appear, at first glance, to conform to this image perfectly.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As the workings of the characters' minds are revealed, the extent to which they have internalized these values becomes apparent.   Each, in their brief description of the other, mentions that her acquaintance was quite beautiful in her youth.   Alida recalls how much she enjoyed having been married to a famous lawyer; she misses being   "the Slade's wife" (1119).   Startlingly, now that their husbands are dead, we find that the women consider themselves to be in a state of   "unemployment" (1118)!

The California Wetlands Essay -- Wetlands Environmental Nature Essays

The California Wetlands Smelly, insect infested, and disease ridden are many words that people have used to describe the attributes of wetlands in our country. Until recently it was thought that wetlands served very little use as a part of our ecosystem. However, as the developers began to drain and destroy these wetlands in order to build housing developments and commercial buildings environmental scientists emerged from the woodwork. These environmental scientists found the value and absolute necessity for wetlands and brought it to the attention of politicians. The politicians are the only ones who could slow the destruction of wetlands with their policies. Before the politicians could begin to construct policies to protect the wetlands they needed the scientists to give them a good working definition that they could use to classify wetlands. This is a very difficult process since many wetlands are transitional meaning that they may appear wet or dry according to the season. However in 1987 the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers published guidelines to classifying wetlands. The criterion included that wetlands must contain hydrophytic vegetation, hydric soils, and wetland hydrology. M. Dennison et. al. 1993 With this new information politicians were able to legally define wetlands with the Clean Water Act, which states: "The term ‘wetlands’ means those areas that are inundated or saturated by surface or ground water at a frequency and duration sufficient to support, and that under normal circumstances do support, a prevalence of vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated soil conditions. Wetlands generally include swamps, marshes, bogs and similar areas." Through the study, classification and legal defining of we... ...o be able produce a synthetic ecosystem the scientists must be able to observe what an ideal naturally occurring wetland looks like. With the mass desecration of California wetland it is near impossible to find an intact wetland. Most wetland scientists construct these synthetic wetlands be a theory of how things "should be" if they were not previously contaminated by influences (i.e. abusive farming, golf courses, housing developments, and recreational vehicles (i.e. Gas guzzling boat, waverunners, etc.) In conclusion it is simple to see why the destroyed wetlands should be repaired. Not only would the function of the wetland resume, but all of the surrounding humans would benefit from cleaner water and a flood overflow container. However, it is slow process informing the public of why they should leave a swamp intact instead of building more bay front property.

Capital Budgeting Worksheet Essay

Read the scenarios below and select one to review and analyze. Determine the proposal’s appropriateness and economic viability. For all scenarios, assume spending occurs on the first day of each year and benefits or savings occurs on the last day. Assume the discount rate or weighted average cost of capital is 10%. Ignore taxes and depreciation. Proposal A: New Factory A company wants to build a new factory for increased capacity. Using the net present value (NPV) method of capital budgeting, determine the proposal’s appropriateness and economic viability with the following information: †¢Building a new factory will increase capacity by 30%. †¢The current capacity is $10 million of sales with a 5% profit margin. †¢The factory costs $10 million to build. †¢The new capacity will meet the company’s needs for 10 years. †¢The factory is worth $14 million over 10 years. Proposal B: New Equipment A company wants to buy a labor-saving piece of equipment. Using the NPV method of capital budgeting, determine the proposal’s appropriateness and economic viability with the following information: †¢Labor content is 12% of sales, which are annually $10 million. †¢The new equipment will save 20% of labor annually. †¢The new equipment will last 5 years. †¢The new equipment will cost $200,000. Proposal C: New Advertising Program A company wants to invest in a new advertising program. Using the NPV method  of capital budgeting, determine the proposal’s appropriateness and economic viability with the following information: †¢The new program will increase current sales, $10 million, by 20%. †¢The new program will have a profit margin is 5% of sales. †¢The new program will have a 3-year effect. †¢The new program will cost the company $200,000 in the first year.

Earth is my mother Essay Essays

Earth is my mother Essay Essays Earth is my mother Essay Essay Earth is my mother Essay Essay Essay Topic: Equus The author’s intent in authorship was to understand for herself and to be able to show Navajo sandpaintings as â€Å"dynamically sacred life entities whose significances lie in the procedure of their creative activity and use† ( page nineteen ) . Sandpaintings. created from different colored littorals and sacred objects. are non art. They are representations of fabulous existences and fables created for the intent of restoring someone’s wellness and harmoniousness. The survey of sandpaintings and their assorted significances permits the reader considerable penetration into Navajo land-tied spiritual beliefs. universe position. creative activity myths. society. history. and even constructs of clip. The writer. Trudy Griffin-Pierce. provides small autobiographical information in the book. She mentions her vagabond Air Force upbringing and how her early readings were devoted to books about Native American civilization. particularly the Navajo. Although she is distantly related to the Catawba Indians of South Carolina. she ever felt a affinity with the Navajo and lived for a clip with a Navajo household. larning their traditions. history. and linguistic communication. This bond drew her to Arizona after she completed her undergraduate grade in art at Florida State University. N. Scott Momaday. in his â€Å"Forward† . adds that Ms. Griffin-Pierce is a really originative creative person. capable of understanding and discoursing the artistic dimension of the Navajo universe. She makes the imaginative and inventive Navajo system of belief without our apprehension. Ms. Griffin-Pierce received her doctors degree in anthropology from the University of Arizona in 1987. where she is presently Assistant Professor in the Anthropology Department and Teachs three classs. The information on her web site at the University of Arizona reveals that this was her first published book. She has written four newer books. The Encyclopedia of Native America ( 1995 ) . Native Americans: Enduring Cultures and Traditions ( 1996 ) . Native Peopless of the Southwest ( 2000 ) . and Paridigms of Power: The Chiricahua Apache Prisoners of War and Naiche’s Hide Paintings ( in imperativeness ) ; and two articles. â€Å"When I am Lonely the Mountains Call Me: The Impact of Sacred Geography on Navajo Psychological Well Being† . and â€Å"Navajo Religion† . All of her Hagiographas centre on the history of Indians in the United States’ Southwest. She is presently analyzing aging and dementedness among Arizona’s Native Americans. In Earth is my Mother ; Sky is my Father. Ms. Griffin-Pierce inside informations Navajo spiritual beliefs. universe positions. historical myths. social construction. and astronomical constructs before she discusses the usage and construction of Navajo sandpaintings. Basic Navajo spiritual beliefs are still followed by many Navajos who chose non to absorb the dogmas of Christianity presented to them in the 1800’s. There is no word for â€Å"religion† in the Navajo linguistic communication. Spirituality. wellness. harmoniousness. and beauty are inseparable. The existence is an across-the-board whole where everything has a alone topographic point and good relationship to all other living things. God is the â€Å"Unknown Power† worshipped through His Creation. The Navajo besides have a close relationship with the Holy People. with whom they interact daily. ( page 34 ) Navajo spiritual beliefs are closely tied to their intense yearning for and their love of their fatherland. which they consider the â€Å"point in infinite from which all constructs of the universe proceed† . ( page fifteen ) The land and the Earth is their foundation of all belief. admiration. and intending in human being. and the four sacred mountains are the centre. There are no lasting spiritual centres. The Native American Church is a local mescal airy faith. The Navajo have a round construct of clip that permits their mythic. religious universe to coexist with their physical universe. The writer suggests that the Navajo sacred sandpaintings can non be understood unless we accept the Navajo’s â€Å"mythopoetic context of superimposed clip. infinite. and meaning† . ( page 7 ) Navajo spiritualty affirms humanity’s topographic point in nature as a whole. Their ceremonials restore the interconnection of all life. They believe sickness consequences from failure to keep mutual duties with the environment. violation of ceremonial regulations. and evildoings against one’s ain head and organic structures. Her intent in composing this book is to portion a more humane. more affiliated position of the universe and its parts in restoring humanity’s alliance with the existence. ( page 9 ) Navajos still worship Gods and goddesses of specific intents. Their divinities include the Sun ; Changing Woman. who brings the earthly seasons ; and their kids. Hero Twins. Monster Slayer. Born-for Water. First Man and First Woman. First Boy and First Girl. the prankster Coyote. and the Speechless Ones. who can non express words. ( page 34 ) These are frequently depicted in the sandpaintings. Navajos have a construct of the â€Å"Holy Wind† . reminiscent of the Christian Holy Spirit. as a being that exists everyplace and is in all living existences. For them this means that all living existences are related and that humanity has a duty to care for other living existences. Curiously. in Navajo Creation narratives. the Holy People spoke. American ginseng. and prayed the universe into being with their sacred words. Since everyone has an interior signifier and is portion of the Holy Wind. each has a Holy Person located within. Oneness with the existence creates a duty to handle one’s chap animals with the same regard one has towards oneself. ( page 73 ) . The Navajos were among the last American Indians to migrate from Asia to North America and were tardily in geting in the Southwest. They settled in the geographical country bounded by the four Sacred Mountains in the Four Corners country of the Southwest. Their geographical isolation protected them from diseases brought by the Spaniards and provided them with entree to stealing their Equus caballuss. sheep. and caprine animals. They learned weaving from the Pueblos. The Navajo social construction was and is matriarchal. kin. and household based. and they dwell in stray household groups structured by the atomic household. the matrilocal extended household. close relations. and other relations. Many Navajo live in frame houses today. but some still choose well-constructed Hogans. ( page 21 ) Navajo ceremonial healings affecting sandpaintings are conducted by extremely trained practicians called â€Å"chanters† who have learned to sing the luxuriant Navajo rites. The Navajo melody pipe can bring around witchery. exorcise shades. and set up unsusceptibility to illness. A melody pipe is a priest. non a priest-doctor. and neer enters the shaman’s characteristic enchantment province. Most melody pipes are work forces. Women become pathologists. or priest-doctors who get cognition in a enchantment province. ( page 39 ) Navaho ceremonies are rites ( rattling is non used ) or chants ( rattle accompanies singing. The major rites ( Blessingway and Enemyway ) use drypaintings with pigments made from workss. including maize. pollens. Indian meal. flower petals. and wood coal. The writer explains that Enemyway is a signifier of dispossession against the shades of foreigners. force. and ugliness. The intonation ceremonials ( Holyway. Evilway. or Lifeway ) use sandpaintings of different colourss of sand. ocher and wood coal. Other sacred objects. flora. and bowls of H2O are incorporated into both types of ceremonials. ( pages 40-41 ) There are 100s. if non 1000s. of different sandpainting designs. A sandpainting is a topographic point of entry where occults enter and go forth. attracted by their similitudes in the picture. The constitution of this tract lets the immorality or unwellness in the patient be replaced by the good. or mending power of the supernatural being. ( page 43 ) The mending ceremonials last for several yearss. It takes four to six people three to five hours to finish a sandpainting six provender in diameter. The workers begin in the centre and work outwards. ( page 45. The Navajos’ basic construct is that the powers of the celestial spheres and Earth are drawn into the sandpainting for the intent of mending. Time is compressed so that powerful mythic events of the past coexist with the present and reconstruct harmoniousness and good being to the individual being healed. ( page 58 ) The sandpainted image is intended to allow the ill individual project his or her head through clip and infinite. lifting above present earthly restrictions. The Navajo layered worldview becomes meaningless during a ceremonial as all beds of celestial spheres and belowground become one. The Navajos study the configurations and star agreements chiefly for finding of seasons. and they are non portion of the ceremonial nucleus of sandpaintings. even though word pictures of fabulous Gods of creative activity in the signifier of configurations may be used. ( page 103 ) One of the more interesting myths is how Younger Brother went to the sky state and met an interior circle of hostile existences whom he left to remain with the friendly Star People in the outer homes. These friendly Star People. whom the Navajo name â€Å"The People† . and the hostile existences are still incorporated into sandpaintings. The writer concentrated on the â€Å"Mother Earth. Father Sky† sandpainting because it is the most familiar to foreigners and presents the most elaborate word picture of the Navajo celestial spheres of sandpaintings in usage today. ( page 175 ) She describes the intricate. careful. elaborate procedure involved in doing a sandpainting. Mother Earth and Father Sky must be indistinguishable in form and size. The act of making a sandpainting is mending because it focuses everyone’s ideas on the rules of balance and order. ( page 177 ) The picture becomes â€Å"alive† to function its transcendent intent when the melody pipe strews sacred pollen on it and blesses those go toing. ( page 183 ) . The sacred and blessed sandpainting forces the patient to reconnect in clip and infinite to past and show sacred forces and reminds the patient of her connection to worlds present physically or spiritually. ( page 194 ) This book accomplishes the author’s stated intents and does discourse the subjects in item. However. the information is disorganized and scattered. doing the book itself difficult to read. The author’s intent was to learn the reader how to understand and appreciate the devising. content. and intent of Navajo sandpainting. which she accomplishes. Some of the information presented about Navajo spiritual beliefs is oddly similar to Christianity. and the writer does non sufficiently discuss whether or non these were original to the Navajo who migrated to the Americas or picked up and changed a spot from what Christian missionaries tried to learn them. The Navajo ties to the spiritual symbolism of their land is unusually similar to early Hebrew idea. but no reference is made of that. The textual beginnings used by the writer are all documented research documents or books that are reasonably recent in day of the month. One would wish earlier beginnings had been consulted on some issues. but their handiness is non known. The writer combines rather deadening elaborate information with her myths and more lively text. doing the book itself a challenge to finish. BIBLIOGRAPHY Southwest Studies Program. Biography of Trudy Griffin-Pierce. University of Arizona. hypertext transfer protocol: //web. Arizona. edu/~swst/faculty/tgpierce. htm. Griffin-Pierce. Trudy. Earth is my Mother ; Sky is my Father. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press. 1992.

Stress Management

Stress Management 1. Introduction Stress is a part of day to day living. It is a condition or feeling experienced when a person perceives that demands exceed the personal and social resources the individual is able to mobilize. The stress you experience is not necessarily harmful. Mild forms of stress can act as a motivator and energizer. However, if your stress level is too high, medical and social problems can result.Fortunately, stress management is largely a learnable skill. Most people can learn how to take the heat in their lives. Many stresses can be changed, eliminated, or minimized. There are many proven skills that we can use to manage stress. These help us to remain calm and effective in high pressure situations, and help us avoid the problems of long term stress.The goals for this study are to review the methods to manage stress. Besides that, it also explains the causes of stress and shows the signs and symptoms of stress.Injury PreventionYou should treat your injuries in this order, rest , ice application, compressions, and elevation. A good walking shoe should have a toe box to leave space for your toe, a good sole to absorb the shock your foot takes, a good support for your heel, and Achilles pad to help prevent sore tendons and blistering. Exercise intolerance is the inability to function during excise because of excessive fatigue or extreme feelings of discomfort. We can not forget that just because we get older that we do still need to exercise. By staying fit we can have a healthy aging process. During stress the organisms react to the stress causing event. During eustress you continue to perform even though there is stress. Distress is unpleasant or harmful which causes the health and performance to deteriorate.

Dr John McLoughlin essays

Dr John McLoughlin essays John McLoughlin was one of the most influential figures of the fur trade and settlement periods of Pacific Northwest history. Chief Factor of the Columbia District of the British Hudson's Bay Company, he reigned as a benevolent autocrat, befriended Americans, and eventually became an American citizen at Oregon City. He was born in Quebec in 1784 and trained as a physician near Montreal. He became a physician and traveled to the Northwest region in 1824 as a representative of the Hudson Bay Company. Here he occupied the position of Chief Factor from 1825, when the regional headquarters of the company was moved from old Fort Astoria to Fort Vancouver, until his retirement in 1845. During his reign as Chief Factor, Dr. John McLoughlin directed the operations of the fur trade in all the country west of the Rocky Mountains and north of the California line, as well as the more localized activities of agriculture, livestock raising, sawmilling, flour milling, dairying, and salmon fishing. From 1825 to 1843, when the provisional government was first established by the settlers in the Willamette Valley, he was the undisputed governor of the vast area bounded by the Rocky Mountains on the east, Mexican territory (California) on the south, the Pacific Ocean on the west and the Dr. John McLoughlin exercised control over the Indians of the region, welcomed and provisioned missionaries and settlers, encouraged schools and church instruction and for a number of years was the only medical practitioner in the region. His contributions to the development of the Northwest region in general and the Oregon country in particular make him truly deserving of the title by which he is often referred to, Father of the Oregon In 1857, the man who had ruled an empire two and a half times the size of Texas, died broken and bitter. He was 75 at the time. Five years later, in an act o ...

Storm Drainage Design Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 3

Storm Drainage Design Project - Essay Example The inflow into the river after the rainfall is through different ways. The major types are overland flow which represents the surface flows which includes other direct flows into the river. The ground water flow component is the sub-surface runoff component contributing to the river discharge from a particular region after the rainfall. If the major portion of runoff water reaches the river as overland flow , a heavy rainfall would result in quick response in the river and the hydrograph shape would be peak. Thus the risk of floods would be higher in this case. While if the major share is through ground water flow the rise in discharge is slower and the repose of the river is slower. Thus the rate at which the flood waters reaches the river body determines the shape of t he hydrograph. The major factors contributing to these situations are characteristics of drainage basin, type and amount of precipitation, land use pattern in a region, impact caused by human intervention, size and shape of drainage basin and major river management measures adopted (Flood hydrograph, n.d.). The hydrograph for river Cynon is drawn based on the rainfall and river flow depth data (figure 1). The discharge in the river is plotted along y-axis and the time (in hours) along x axis. Similarly, the rainfall depth is indicated on a secondary y axis in the same graph corresponding to particular instant of time. Based on the flood hydrograph obtained for the river Cynon, it is obvious that the drainage characteristics of the terrain results in the occurrence of peak discharge soon after the rainfall. The drainage basin soil characteristics is said to have relatively low value of permeability and this results in low infiltration rates into the soil. The rising limb of the hydrograph has a very steep rise while the receding limb was not as steep. The receding limb required more time to reach the base flow condition which justified the

Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 17

Management - Essay Example When Perry Ellis acquired Munsingwear and the Penguin brand, it was presented with huge opportunity to exploit the brand in expanding its market as per the changing requirements of the customers. Foraying into new market requires adopting changes and promoting new ideas and values that can identify with the changing times. Thus, Perry Ellis who has acquired Penguin brand, needs to project new culture that that can meet the demands of the younger generation. The various stores and retail outlets that sell the new products with Penguin brand need to become more fashion conscious and state of the art technology to promote their products. Showcasing the history of the products would greatly promote the firms values and project their ideologies that are ready to embrace change. The corporate culture of new original Penguin clearly exhibits openness towards change that was lacking in the old brand. The various aspects of the interactive elements of the organization, which may comprise of diverse ideologies and personal conflicts of the individuals, work together to produce a cohesive output representing the organization’s unique culture. Organizational culture can be broadly defined through shared vision and collective goals of the organization. Hence, culture promotes flexibility of approach and initiative in decision making suit the changing requirements becomes vital part of organizational leadership. Therefore, organizational culture that is ready to adopt the changing values of the times, greatly facilitates brand to incorporate the changing requirements of the people while ensuring the credibility of the brand and quality of the product. Perry Ellis and Munsingwear primarily targeted the younger generation and diversified the product line to suit the changing demands of the demographic segment. They also used aggressive advertising to attract new market through intense media blitz, using celebrity

Polarization as a Barrier to Effective Crisis Negotiation Essay

Polarization as a Barrier to Effective Crisis Negotiation - Essay Example ellow participant in an argument as â€Å"the other† or as something of an antagonist rather than an equal shareholder in the process and something that is quite actually neutral. Similarly, when dealing with a given situation, it is common for me to assume that the self-interested motives of others will be the sole determinant in helping to determine the way that the engagement plays out. Thirdly, rather than being able to see the situation in shades of nuance and shades of gray, or even shades of right or wrong, I am oftentimes tempted to view it from a perspective of fulfilling my own needs; regardless of whether it is able to do the same for the fellow shareholder. Although fulfilling my own needs within the given circumstance is not bad in and of itself, it is a selfish motive that helps to drive the integration apart. Fourthly, with regards to a polarizing situation regarding communication, it is often my weakness to seek to link to the speaker and the message. This is a n oversight due to the fact that it assumes that these two are necessarily the same (Medvec 389). Moreover, a better approach would be to seek to focus upon the message without polarizing it and seeking to have it intimately related to the original speaker or his/her own vantage point. Lastly, and perhaps most specifically, I oftentimes attempt to polarize situations into firmly determinant shades of good/bad/right/wrong etc. These levels of polarization serve to lessen my ability to analyze and draw inference from a number of situations; it ultimately weakens my skill in interpreting the world around me. As a function of these 5 polarizations that have been listed, the most effective way to engage them is to seek to lessen the effect that they play on my everyday life and as a means of understanding them, seek to work to overcome them. Furthermore, by approaching the above situations with an open mind and thoroughly focusing upon not developing preconceived perceptions of the

Environmental Analysis Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Environmental Analysis Paper - Essay Example The Hershey Company markets brands such as Hershey’s Kisses, Ice Breakers, and Hershey’s Reese among others. Also, it is the leader of the dark and premium chocolates such as Hershey’s Extra Dark, Cacao Reserve, and Hershey’s Special Dark. Other popular brands such as Milk Duds, Payday, Kit Kat, and Almond Joy have tremendously contributed to the success of the company to achieve revenues of about six billion dollars (The Hershey’s Company, 2012). Like other businesses in the world, the Hershey Company operates with business environment that is pre-disposed with business environmental factors such as legal-political, socio-cultural, economic, and technological factors. This paper will seek to conduct an environmental scan and economic analysis on Hershey’s, including the remote, industry, and operating environments. Macroeconomic Forecast Macroeconomic forecast helps provide the consumers, businesses, and government with information necessary in making better decisions (Kew and Stredwick, 2009). The macroeconomic forecast indicators affect Hershey’s in the future and are important that they are considered to be part of the strategic planning of the Company. Increasing GDP in America (though at a smaller rate) and in other countries where its products are sold is favorable in boosting the purchase of the products and increases the prospects of the Hersey’s success (McGuigan, et al., 2011). In the light of this, the strategic planning of Hershey’s will include considering increasing its supplies especially after global financial crisis has completely faded away. Also, reducing rate of unemployment widens the pool of people earning income and therefore increasing the number of people able to buy Hershey’s products (Brenner, 2010). However, unemployment rates in some countries have remained constant or have soared therefore threatening to reduce sales of Hershey’s products in those countri es. Thus, Hershey’s strategic planning will moderate supply in various markets based on the prevailing unemployment rates (McMahon., 2008). In addition, inflation as a macroeconomic factor affects the Hershey’s products presently and in the future. Increase in prices of commodities in various markets that Hershey’s sells its products; tend to affect the performance of the Company (McGuigan et al, 2011). The increase in the cost of production of other consumable commodities including sugar and chocolate confectionary products make the consumers to be cautious in their purchasing, as well as prompting them to focus more on basic commodities than on commodities that they consider to be â€Å"luxurious† (Brenner, 2010). The seemingly high inflation rates in most markets call for a strategy that meets all the market niches. For example, Hersey’s products can be packaged in quantities and prices that reflect the inflation rates of particular markets. Dem and and disposable income is another macroeconomic factor that affects the success of a company like Hershey’s (Morden, 2007). Reduced demand and disposable income of consumers may affect the sales of Hershey’s products in America and in countries where the Company’s products are sold (McGuigan et al, 2011). Therefore, Hersey’s strategy should seek to enhance consumers’ demand and to package quantity and prices that reflect the disposable income of the targeted markets. Non- Economic Factors in the Remote Environment Social and Cultural Social and cultural

No Silver Bullet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

No Silver Bullet - Essay Example nform, not because it is new in the market, or perceived by many to be the most conformable, but because conformation is based on other systems and interfaces, which cannot be, in any circumstances be simplified through redesign. Additionally, when software conforms to complexities and needs, there would be no cause of alarm with regards to changeability, complexity, and invisibility. Despite the fact that the functionality and availability of software components have rapidly increased the need for writing new code has not significantly reduced. As noted by Brooks (1995, p.12), acquiring and using off-the-shelf, open-source or commercial software components may be an easier and a cheaper way of software development, but, an issue of applicability arises. Software components are more generalized and as such may not be ideal in situations where the development of customized software is intended. Therefore, instead of relying on software components, developers are opting to write new code, since they believe that it would guarantee applicability of the software being developed. The need for writing new code has not reduced significantly because of the need to ensure that the software developed confirms with the complexities and needs of systems and institutions that the software will interact with. Software components, being more generalized may not guarantee confor mity, especially with regards to interfaces and functionality. Additionally, changeability is an essential property that defines the quality and value of software. Developing software that can easily be altered to suit functionality needs when needed and when appropriate has today become very important. Some software components may not allow for changeability and, as such, developers opt to write new code rather relying on components since they can easily manipulate and alter the code they have written quickly and easily. In additional to changeability, software components are becoming less popular

Environmental Analysis Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Environmental Analysis Paper - Essay Example The Hershey Company markets brands such as Hershey’s Kisses, Ice Breakers, and Hershey’s Reese among others. Also, it is the leader of the dark and premium chocolates such as Hershey’s Extra Dark, Cacao Reserve, and Hershey’s Special Dark. Other popular brands such as Milk Duds, Payday, Kit Kat, and Almond Joy have tremendously contributed to the success of the company to achieve revenues of about six billion dollars (The Hershey’s Company, 2012). Like other businesses in the world, the Hershey Company operates with business environment that is pre-disposed with business environmental factors such as legal-political, socio-cultural, economic, and technological factors. This paper will seek to conduct an environmental scan and economic analysis on Hershey’s, including the remote, industry, and operating environments. Macroeconomic Forecast Macroeconomic forecast helps provide the consumers, businesses, and government with information necessary in making better decisions (Kew and Stredwick, 2009). The macroeconomic forecast indicators affect Hershey’s in the future and are important that they are considered to be part of the strategic planning of the Company. Increasing GDP in America (though at a smaller rate) and in other countries where its products are sold is favorable in boosting the purchase of the products and increases the prospects of the Hersey’s success (McGuigan, et al., 2011). In the light of this, the strategic planning of Hershey’s will include considering increasing its supplies especially after global financial crisis has completely faded away. Also, reducing rate of unemployment widens the pool of people earning income and therefore increasing the number of people able to buy Hershey’s products (Brenner, 2010). However, unemployment rates in some countries have remained constant or have soared therefore threatening to reduce sales of Hershey’s products in those countri es. Thus, Hershey’s strategic planning will moderate supply in various markets based on the prevailing unemployment rates (McMahon., 2008). In addition, inflation as a macroeconomic factor affects the Hershey’s products presently and in the future. Increase in prices of commodities in various markets that Hershey’s sells its products; tend to affect the performance of the Company (McGuigan et al, 2011). The increase in the cost of production of other consumable commodities including sugar and chocolate confectionary products make the consumers to be cautious in their purchasing, as well as prompting them to focus more on basic commodities than on commodities that they consider to be â€Å"luxurious† (Brenner, 2010). The seemingly high inflation rates in most markets call for a strategy that meets all the market niches. For example, Hersey’s products can be packaged in quantities and prices that reflect the inflation rates of particular markets. Dem and and disposable income is another macroeconomic factor that affects the success of a company like Hershey’s (Morden, 2007). Reduced demand and disposable income of consumers may affect the sales of Hershey’s products in America and in countries where the Company’s products are sold (McGuigan et al, 2011). Therefore, Hersey’s strategy should seek to enhance consumers’ demand and to package quantity and prices that reflect the disposable income of the targeted markets. Non- Economic Factors in the Remote Environment Social and Cultural Social and cultural

Critical opinion on history of design Term Paper

Critical opinion on history of design - Term Paper Example Significantly, the design history also exists as a component of practice based courses with its teaching and study being as a result of the National Advisory Council of Britain and was launched in the 1960s under the art and design programs. Considerably, the council aimed at making art and design education a legitimate academic activity which necessitated the employment or ‘buying in’ of specialists from art history disciplines, leading to a particular style of delivery. Wood is among the core components of design (as a material) that most people including designers, appreciate and love; simply because it is an incredibly useful material that has minimal effect to the environment (Gustav 1). Over the years, wood has provided humans with shelter, warmth, tools and furniture and it has been a great inspiration that even the earliest man interacted with wood in this most basic ways and more. Typically, wood is embedded with many layers, all of which are symbolic in the aspects of its history in design, time and where it has been applied; for instance, wood keeps a record of its environment and each year brings new growth that marks its past or the rings of a tree can teach us about the environment and specific events in the trees life holding its history within and its living energy expresses it outward. Most of the craftsmen that use wood in design express energy that is added to the depth of the material; reflectively, furniture has been part of the human experience since the development of the non-nomadic cultures and there is historical evidence that it goes the Neolithic period (Gustav 1). This theory is an example of how design in general has been of great significance to the human era, not to forget that it does not in any negative way affect the environment. Furniture designed from wood is not only a product but is also considered to be a from of

John Steinbeck and his book Of Mice and Men Essay Example for Free

John Steinbeck and his book Of Mice and Men Essay John Ernst Steinbeck was born on February 27, in 1902 in Salinas, California, He came from a reasonably well off family. He worked his way through college at Stanford University, but never graduated, so in 1925 he set off to New York where he tried to start his career as a writer, but he failed to have any of his writing published and returned to California. He then published a few books and short stories. His first novel, Cup of Gold was published in 1929, but attracted little attention. The readers also poorly acknowledged his following two novels, The Pastures of Heaven and To a God Unknown. Steinbeck then married his first wife, Carol Henning in 1930. But he still wasnt recognised in the world of literature until 1935 when Tortilla Flat was published. It received the California Commonwealth Clubs Gold Medal for best novel by a California author, and then his work became recognised far and wide. Steinbeck then went onto produce some of his greatest novels, including Grapes of Wrath, which was a Pulitzer Prize winner in 1939. The greatest prize Steinbeck was awarded for his writing was the Nobel Prize for Literature, in 1962. John Steinbeck died on December 20th, 1968, in New York. The first book I read by John Steinbeck was Of Mice and Men and it is about two men who are immigrant American labourers. Together they have a dream to settle down and farm their own land rather than work for other people. So they join a group of farmers to earn the money, so that they can buy the farmland for themselves. These two friends are completely unlike each other. One of them, who is called George, is a small intelligent man, and the other, Lennie, is a big, clumsy, caring, but child-like man. The two men have been friends since they were children. But Lennie was not always stupid, but became like this after an accident that happened when he was young. George is always with Lennie for comfort, friendship, but mainly as he is very strong and can work on a farm better than most people. George supports him, helps him and puts thoughts into his head, to try to him motivated. Lennie trusts George with everything and really values their friendship. When the two friends finally get the money to make their dreams come true George takes advantage of Lennie and kills him, so that his dream is secured. In this book you are made to feel sorry for Lennie, as he was very caring, and even when he killed the animals, and bosss sons wife, you know that he was only being friendly and caring, and just wasnt aware of his own strength. At the beginning of the book George seems to be Lennies friend, but by the end you realize that he is only using Lennie to fulfil his own dreams. The second book by Steinbeck I read was East of Eden. This book was set in the period between the American Civil War and the end of World War I. It is about the conflicts of two generations of brothers. The opening chapters describe Samuel and his family, and what living in Salinas Valley is like for them. The first generation is the kind, gentle, caring Adam Trask and his wild brother Charles. Adam eventually marries Cathy Ames who is a wicked, manipulative, but very beautiful prostitute. Cathy betrays Adam, with his brother Charles on the very night of their wedding. Later, after giving birth to twin boys, she shoots Adam and then leaves him to return to her former job. With the help of their Chinese servant Lee, Adam raises their sons, the fair-haired, charming, yet stubborn Aron, and the mysterious, clever Caleb, without telling them about their mother. The second generation of brothers compete for their fathers approval. In resentment Caleb reveals the truth about their mother to Aron, so he then leaves to join the army. At the end of the story, Lee makes a great effort to help keep the Trask family together, when Adam is lying in his bed dying, Caleb is overwhelmed with guilt because Aron has been killed in the army. Lee believes that if Adam gives Caleb his blessing for indirectly killing his own brother, he will able to move on in life, and not always feel so guilty. In this novel, although he is not a main character, Lee, their servant is a good friend to Adam, and helped him at his worst times, and managed to hold the family together, so the story wouldnt have turned out the same without him. The third book I read by John Steinbeck was The Grapes of Wrath. The book is set in California and it follows the terrible misfortunes of the Joad family, who like many others have given up their lives in Oklahoma in search of employment in California. The book follows both their hopes and setbacks creating a true account of the American dream of the 1930s, as we observe their struggle to try to get by with what little money and possessions they have. When the Joad family leave the Hooverville, which is an independent migrant camp and move to a government camp, because they cannot find a job at Hooverville. This camp is clean and has a local government made up of migrant workers. For the first time since arriving in California, the Joads find themselves treated as human beings. However, when the work runs out they had to move on. Tom ends up killing a man who is responsible for the death of is good friend John Casey. They have to flee and find work picking cotton, and Toms presence there is soon spotted, and Tom has to go into hiding. The ending of this book, even though not dreadfully clear, does suggest a little hope for the Joads, but more so hope for humanity. I enjoyed this book because I saw a lot of things that all of these books have in common, and the most obvious thing was that each book was about underprivileged people who were fighting to keep their lives and families together through many misfortunes. In Steinbecks books there is always an inferior character that keeps the people together, for example in The Grapes of Wrath Ma Joad tries as hard as she can to keep her family together, but apart from that you dont know much about her. And also in East of Eden the servant, Lee, holds the family together, and helped to bring up Adams children. The struggle between good and evil is the most dominant theme in these books. John Steinbeck shows that everyone has the potential to be a good person, or completely immoral. An example of this theme is in East of Eden, as Adam is a very kind and caring person, but Cathy is nasty and pitiless. Also in Of Mice and Men, Lennie is a gentle loving man, whereas his friend George turns out to be a horrible, ruthless person. Of Mice and Men and The Grapes of Wrath have a connection between the type of work the people do because they are both about people trying to make ends meet working on farms, trying to fulfill their own dreams. Love is another issue that all these books have in common, because whenever love is missing from a specific part of the story, the results become disastrous. The three of Steinbecks books that I read all have a very detailed and descriptive writing style, which adds to your satisfaction of his books, as you are given persuasive glimpse into the lives of others. The characters in Steinbecks books seem to come to life because of the vast understanding of human courage to be able to choose between what is right and wrong Steinbeck has. I enjoyed reading all of these books, because even though in some ways they were very similar, they all had a different storyline, so I didnt find the second and third story boring after reading the first one.

Company and market analysis for Uncle Tobys Company

Company and market analysis for Uncle Tobys Company The Uncle Tobys Company has a long and vibrant history, having gone through several name, location and ownership changes to get it to where it is today. The Uncle Tobys Muesli Bars is the ready to eat product suitable for people of all ages, their philosophy was that improved diet leads to improved health by balance and nutrition. The Uncle Tobys company was originally established as Parsons Bros, in Melbourne by Leonard and George Parsons when they arrived in Australia from England in 1861 and commenced manufacturing John Bull Oats. In 1893, The Uncle Tobys Oats product was introduced to the market by Clifford Love and Co in Sydney and entered the homes hearts and of Australian families, its the first shown as Uncle Tobys products in trade market. In the past hundred years, Uncle Tobys renamed a lot of times until 1989, the company was officially renamed as Uncle Tobys Company, and the stage was set for the birth of the brand we know and love today, Launch of Yoghurt Topps Muesli Ba rs. Uncle Tobys was one of sections of the Goodman Fielder food company, yet was separated by parent company Burns Philp in December 2005. In 2006, Swiss food giant Nestle purchased Uncle Tobys manufacturing facility and brands. SWOT Matrix 6 Marks Product: __Uncle Toby Muesli bars______ Strengths Products have required accreditations Right products, reliability and quality Better product life and durability Good customer loyalty differentiated products Creativity and imagination of staff Weaknesses Customer lists not tested Organisational infrastructure No direct marketing experience Dont have a detailed plan yet Lack of marketing expertise Limited budget Opportunities Local competitors have poor products Could extend to abroad Can surprise competitors Could expand the scale of supplier deals Threats Legislation could impact Taxation is introduced on product Fierce price competition Possible negative publicity Competition from other providers The 4Ps Analysis ¼Ã‚ Product, Price, Place and Promotion Products Several kinds of finest cereal bars as health product for balancing nutrition products. An instant breakfast catering all segments who want health and quick breakfast without preparation. A tasty snack for children and also it could be supplement for older adult to consume. Uncle Tobys Muesli Bars is the wholegrain product. Wholegrain content is important in peoples daily diet; its naturally nutrient can help maintain your familys wellbeing. The products contain wholegrain oats and wheat. These are intact grains, which mean they are slowly digested and contribute to products low glycemic index (GI)*. Uncle Tobys Muesli Bars contain on average 7% of the daily intake for sugar per bar. This means you can enjoy the goodness of wholegrain in a tasty snack as part of a balanced diet. And here are no artificial colours and flavours in the product and they are all source of fibre products. Many of the products in Uncle Tobys range are high in fibre, with an average serving delivering at least 3g of fibre towards your daily requirement of 30g. Some fibres, such as the whole grain wheat can also act as a prebiotic, nourishing your friendly bacteria and helping with digestive balance. The Uncle Tobys Muesli Bars got 3 different types of packages; they are Standard Packs (6 bars/120g), Value Packs (12bars/240g), Value Packs (18bars/360g, WOOLWORTH only). And it also got nut crumble, apricot, choc chips these 3 flavours on CRUNCHY, choc chip, forest fruits, apricot and white choc chip these 4 flavours on CHEWY, strawberry, raspberry, apricot, mango passionfruit and honeycomb these 5 flavours on YOGHURT TOPPS. These means Uncle Tobys Muesli Bars provide different products with different flavours to satisfy the different needs of customers. The variety of products makes the company different from other competitors. The business concentrates on changing the products since new variants or ingredient created that enhance ultimate multisensory food experience for making lots of kind product to satisfy different target markets and maintain original target market loyalty. Price Table 1 Brand Price (per 100g) Carmans AU $ 2.28 Uncle Tobys AU $ 2.16 Nature Valley AU $ 2.14 Cadbury AU $ 2.09 Be Nature AU $ 2.08 Coles AU $ 1.56 Table 1 demonstrates the price of different muesli bars products brand that can be found in COLES. The highest price of brand of muesli bars is Carmans which values AU $2.28 per 100g. The product of Uncle Tobys ranks second high price in COLES (AU $2.16 per 100g) that indicates its price strategy associates with non-price competition. By contrast, the brand of Coles which is the lowest price (AU $1.56 per 100g) stands for price competition. As can be seen from table 1, Uncle Tobys adopts non-price competition strategies. It emphasizes characteristic product features, quality, service, packaging, promotion or other factors to differentiate its product from competing brands rather than focusing on price. Although Uncle Tobys takes non-price competition strategy, the annual sales generates more than US $600 million in terms of retail sales that is not corresponsively in undesirable results (General Mills 2006). In 2001, Uncle Tobys has a yearly turnover of about US $900 million (ITP.net 2005). A little bit higher prices than competitors due to higher product quality, unusual product features and brand reputation but usually get price discount for products. (High price-High quality policy) Place/Distribution The types of marketing channels for Uncle Tobys product is a long-standing channel that producer conveys goods to a wholesalers, then to a retailer, and a retailer sell the product to the consumers. It is the most economical distribution channel for Uncle Tobys to be a long-standing channel as costs is lower than Uncle Tobys performs marketing their products. The product of Uncle Tobys, locates to intensive distribution allots products to customers by a range variable of outlets such as supermarkets and convenience stores. Efficient distribution of Uncle Tobys product is that produces products to Coles, WOLWORTH, 7-11 and other similar supermarkets and outlets. Customers purchase over three-quarters of all groceries in supermarkets. In terms of convenience stores, it extends opening hours and locates in a convenient place that people can purchase product frequently. Beside people can order products form Uncle Tobys Muesli Bars through internet which leads to cost reduction for consumer and supplier and make more convenient to purchase or even buy product directly from manufacture. Promotion Uncle Tobys were working together with the Royal Life Saving Society-Australia with the goal of preventing the drowning deaths of more than 50 children each year. Uncle Tobys invest half million dollars over three years to help teach Australian children how to swim and survive in the water in partnership with Royal Life Saving. As one of Australias top sports sponsors, Uncle Tobys has a solid history of Olympic team sponsorship. From 1988 to 2008 the company was official sponsor of the Australia Olympic Team. Below-the-line promotion: indirect expenditure on promotion refers to those methods of promoting products that do not use direct advertising such as free gift or getting stars to endorse products or news and magazine storles featuring the product. Uncle Tobys also doing the promotion in the supermarket like WOOLWORTH, Coles. They offer the fair price at anytime. Uncle Tobys brand which has developed a reputation for successful above-the-line advertising (TV, radio, poster), that makes Uncle Tobys became the 29th sales in Australia. Physical Evidence The Uncle Tobys name is synonymous with high-quality, great-tasting food the world over, so the promotion for their product always focus on delicious, tasty and high-price get high-quality. More recent years Uncle Tobys was one of the first in food industry to print Guideline Daily Amounts(GDAs) on the packs of product for showing the percentage of the recommended intake of calories, sugar, fat, saturates and salt for each portion of product clearly as Uncle Tobys is being a nutritionist. Hence the products from Uncle Tobys pay more attention on balance nutrition and health eating. Process The manufacturing system includes 3 parts in process: processing, packaging and storing. Packaging and storing- The cereal will be send to packaging area once they passed the quality check and place it into individual box and cases, then transport by conveyer belt to warehouse until they shipped to stores for retail sale. Conclusion The product variable in marketing mix emphasis health and quick cereal breakfast or snack without preparation which fit all ages, it means wide range of target market such as health claim are more popular for everyone, female are shape conscious and convenient food are common now, more price variable pays more attention on the target market who willing to pay a little bit more for higher quality product than competitors but sometime the customer will get reward for loyalty or price discount ( see promotion ).Also this business done well job at boost sales and brand value by using varied promotion methods since this business established, they try to make products available on hand everywhere as well. The buyer for Uncle Tobys Muesli Bar will be parents or older adult and cereal are purchase one of the fastest-moving product in supermarket, also research shows the most influencer are kids. Despite they pay more attention on target market for 8-11 years child, but Uncle Tobys Muesli Bar hard to make product diversify for growing different target markets for increasing profit, they wish their products not only for everybody but also can be consumed in any time, Uncle Tobys Muesli Bar contains comprehensive target markets for example health and instant breakfast for everyone, sweet snack for chide and adult, also supplement for older adult which Uncle Tobys Muesli Bar can be consumed all day in different ways. Successful business use all the tools at their disposal to stay at the top of their chosen market and Uncle Tobys Muesli Bar are able to use a number of business tools properly in order to successful in ready-to-eat cereal market by re-position the brand through the use of marketing mix, return the brand to grow, improve the frequent of purchase and introduce new customers to brand. This business is sound marketer to carefully segment and deliver an outstanding proposition for their customers. The vision and idea from founder Uncle Tobys which strong commitment to nutrition, health and quality driven improvement for their products and process to make Uncle Tobys business being a leader of cereal and snack producer in the world.

Love :: essays research papers

Euthanasia is the act of ending the life of an individual suffering from a terminal illness, as by lethal injection or the suspension of extraordinary medical treatment. This is a topic with many opinions and much controversy as to whether or not it should be a legal practice. I have never known anyone close to me with an incurable disease, but if a loved one or I were diagnosed, I would like the option to end the suffering to be available. Therefore, I am pro euthanasia, and furthermore, pro individual choice. There are two essays I have recently read on the subject, each gives two different viewpoints on the topic of euthanasia. In Sidney Hook’s In Defense of Voluntary Euthanasia, he believes that â€Å"each one should be permitted to make his own choice-especially when no one else is harmed by it.†(404) Hook is pro euthanasia, contrary to Rand Richards Cooper, the author of The Dignity of Helplessness: What Sort of Society Would Euthanasia Create?† Cooper says â€Å"I’m looking for an argument with Jack Kevorkian; or rather, one against him.†(411) He believes that euthanasia should not be a practice used in society today. Sidney Hook begins his essay by giving a personal, first-hand experience of his own sufferings in his battle with congestive heart failure followed by a massive stroke. He says, â€Å"†¦I asked my physician to discontinue all life-supporting services or show me how to do it.†(403) His doctor refused and after months of rehabilitation, finally regained most of his motor skills. He admits that this argument sounds like it is pro euthanasia, however, he gives two major reasons for the right to choose. By using his own personal experience and knowledge, he gives the reader insight to his defense in his opinion. Rand Richards Cooper takes an informal approach in his argument, not giving any cut and dry facts. He uses two indirect experiences through his mother’s friend and children in Kenya to convey his ideas. Sidney Hook expresses his ideas using his own personal terminal illness. He makes his statement using reader sympathy, hoping to impact the reader on a personal level. Rand Richards Cooper uses a similar approach, recognizing the usefulness of informal, but personable persuasions. Hook writes about his own first-hand experience and is thought to be more factual. Cooper on the other hand uses the same technique, but he gives second-hand experiences through children in Kenya and also through his mother’s best friend.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Management of Anorexia Essay

Introduction In this paper, I will discuss how cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) can be utilized in the management of eating disorders. More specifically I will identify Anorexia Nervosa and provide statistics that relate to the disease. Etiologies will be discussed as well as symptoms. Various techniques of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy will be described as well as the rationale as it relates to the clinical issue. Therapy has been used for many generations as a mean to resolve dilemmas in a persons’ life. Unfortunately, due to cultural aspects, therapy is generally centered on an individual. We typically presume that any problem that one may exhibit can be solved through personal realizations. However, society and therapists alike are beginning to understand that circumstances we encounter and actions we exhibit are directly related to our environment. Family therapy focuses on interactions. There is no distinguishing factor that manifests and leads to a condition or disorder. No one plays a particular good or bad role. Relationships are a key factor in family therapy (Nichols, 2009). Family Therapy Model –Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a modified therapeutic care plan that integrates various components of cognitive therapy and behavior therapy. Cognitive therapy examines the way a persons perception of themselves as well as their perception of others affects their mental psyche. Behavior therapy investigates particular behaviors and interactions with others. CBT can be used in parallel to appropriate medicinal treatment to examine how modifications in behaviors and thoughts can enhance the quality of life. (Cognitive-behavioral therapy for anorexia nervosa). Eating Disorders Food ... ...rens, A. H. (1992). Cultural Expectations of Thinness in Women: An Update. International Journal Of Eating Disorders, 11(1), 85-89. American Psychiatric Association (1987) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (3rd ed, rev) Washington, DC Gilbert, E., & DeBlassie, R. (1984). Anorexia nervosa: adolescent starvation by choice. Adolescence, 19(76), 839-846] Robin, A. L., Siegel, P. T., & Moye, A. (1995). Family Versus Individual Therapy for Anorexia: Impact on Family Conflict. International Journal Of Eating Disorders, 17(4), 313-322. Mehler, P. S., & Krantz, M. (2003). Anorexia Nervosa Medical Issues. Journal Of Women's Health (15409996), 12(4), 331. Wiseman, C. V., Gray, J. J., Mosimann, J. E., & Ahrens, A. H. (1992). Cultural Expectations of Thinness in Women: An Update. International Journal Of Eating Disorders, 11(1), 85-89.

Relationships In Different Cultures Essay

Every culture has their own definition of family relationships. Most family  relationships stem from the concept of marriage. Different types of marriages are  accepted all around the world. Some marriages are based on civil aspects, others are  based solely on religious aspects, and most are based on both. There are two main  types of marriages throughout the world which are monogamy and polygamy. Each type  of marriage has been around for thousands of years and both the past and present  show that there are both advantages and disadvantages of each marital practice.   The most widespread form of marriage with the longest history is Monogamy.  Monogamy is the form of marriage where one man marries one woman. Ancient  Greeks, Ancient Romans, Jews, Christians, Indians, and tribes such as the Hopi and  Iroquois have regarded monogamy as the most ideal form of marriage. There are quite  a few advantages in monogamous marriages. There is typically better understandin   gand communication between the man and wife, more focus on the children leading to a  more stable family most of the time and it is better economically suited for most people.  Since there are only two spouses, monogamy has been shown to offer the highest form  of love and affection and sex relations are more regulated. Disadvantages of  monogamy aren’t often mentioned since its practiced by the majority of people in the  world but things can get complicated between the two spouses if abuse or adultery gets  involved. Even so, both the woman and man can divorce freely if they wish. The form of polygamy is the second prominent concept practiced throughout the world. Polygamy is when both the man and woman have freedom to have additional  mates. The historical Montagnais Tribe believed in pure polygamy. Before the French  took them over and converted them to European beliefs, both woman and men were  allowed to have multiple partners. They were a very mature culture where jealousy did  not exist and instead, they channeled their energy into loving every single person within the tribe and each child was considered everyones’. Woman were actually seen as  above the men in a number of ways. Leacock describes how the woman create a very  complimentary relationship between spouses: The Montagnais woman is far from being a drudge. Instead she is a respected member of the tribe whose worth is well appreciated and whose advice and counsel is listened to and, more often than not, accepted and acted upon by her husband. (39) Leacock then goes on to explain how each gender has â€Å"special labors† that allow them  to create equilibrium within their culture and relationships.   Polygamy does have two forms as well. There is polygyny which is when one  husband has several wives and polyandry where one wife has several husbands. In   each situation, the single gender individual is seen as the superior one and the multi  plespouses are below them. Although not everyone believes in polygamous practices,  Joseph mentions many advantages and disadvantages that come along with sharing  her husband with 8 other woman. She states, † It enables woman, who live in a society  full of obstacles, to fully meet their career, mothering and marriage obligations; it  provides a whole solution.† On the other side she says, â€Å"there is a longing of intimacy  and comfort that only he can provide† (A31). This proves that in any practice of  polygamy there are advantages as in having more freedom, but sometimes all of the  emotional, mental, sensual, etc. needs may not be met. My ideal relationship is probably very similar to other girls of my age. All I’ve ever  wanted is one faithful monogamous relationship in my lifetime. Everyone has a soul  mate and hopefully one day I will find mine and we can develop not only a relationship,  but also a friendship built on true love, trust and honesty. From that, we can raise  children in a loving, supportive, and healthy although somewhat discipline environment  while loving my spouse unconditionally and getting the same in return. An equalitarian  relationship would be ideal where both my husband and I pursue careers and have  equal say on housework and finances. Relationships have truly evolved over time. Christian beliefs have always  suppressed woman through marriage. We are shying away from ideas such as, â€Å"woman  should learn in quietness and full submission. [God] does not permit a woman to teach  or to have authority over a man; she must be silent† (Timothy 2.11). Thankfully now in  modern times, woman now have much more of a say in marriage and our society is  slowly accepting equalitarian type marriages. Monogamy and polygamy both offer  strengths and weaknesses within ones lifestyle, but one thing is for sure; no relationship is ever perfect.

Business ownerships Essay

The different types of business ownerships are: Sole trader. When only one person owns the business. They do not share the profits with anyone; a sole trader is somebody who controls his/her own business. Have unlimited liability. They can employ people to help them at work but they have sole responsibility of the business. The advantages of being a sole trader are: Make own decisions. Does not have to share profits. Always know what is happening in business as they make all the decisions. Control of business cannot be lost. Easier to set up own business. Little capital is needed when setting up a sole trader. Management is simpler. More self esteem when they own their own business. The disadvantages of being a sole trader are: Because the business has unlimited liability is means that if the business in unsuccessful the sole trader will have to pay back all the businesses debt. The sole trader can become extremely stressed because they are in full control of the business. Not much time off, unless someone else takes over. Franchise When big companies are owned by sole trades. The two main parties involved are the franchisee and franchisor. The franchisor allows the franchisee to use the businesses name, product and layout in return for a share of the profits made. The advantages of being a franchise are: The business can expand. Franchisee’s get a chance to run the business for a greater chance of success. The disadvantages of being a franchise are: If the franchisee is unsuccessful the business may get a bad reputation. The franchisee cannot make decisions without the franchisors authorisation. The franchisee does not automatically have their agreement renewed. Partnership A partnership usually involves between 2-20 people. The profits made has to be shared among all workers. Legal documents such as the Deed of partnership have to be signed before the business can begin. Advantages of being a partnership: There is more than one person in charge. Ideas can always be shared. Everyone can be part in the area they are most strongest in. Disadvantages of being a partnership: Arguments may occur. Partners have unlimited liability so they will be less willing to invest. The legal documents have to be completed, and this process may take a while. Public limited company (PLC): Is usually a larger business, they employ far more people than a private limited company. Shares can be bought and sold by members of the public on the stock market. The prices of shares vary. Advantages of being a public limited company: PLC can raise capital easily. All shareholders have limited liability. Disadvantages of being a public limited company: Because shareholders of a PLC are members of the public, control of the business can be lost is someone buys a great number of shares. Shareholders may feel isolated because they don’t know each other. Workers/ retail Co-operative A workers co-operative is owned and run by the whole work force so there will be no arguments between the owners and workers as they are the same people. People who own part of workers co-operative are called members. Membership of workers co-operative tries to ensure that everyone has a say in how the business is run. All members are in control of the business. Retail co-operative shares its profits amongst its members. People who own a share of the retail co-operative is called a member. The first retail co-operative was set up in Rochdale in 1844. Advantages of workers co-operative: No arguments. Happier environment. Work harder. More motivated because they know they will receive a share out of the profits. Opinions are heard. Disadvantages of workers co-operative: Long time for decisions to be made. Business may suffer, because there are no specified leaders. Not many people have faith in co-operatives so they are not always well supported. Private limited company (LTD) People who own part of a private limited company are called shareholders. Family and friends can only buy shares for a private limited company. Advantages of a Private limited company: Family & friends can only buy shares. Capital can be raised because there is no limit on the number of shareholders. Disadvantages of a Private limited company: Shareholders may argue or disagree. Restrictions for selling shares. Competitors. Tower colliery Tower Colliery is a Worker co-operative this means that the business is owned by all of its workers. There isn’t one main person in workers co-operative because they all own it. It is a limited liability business as it is a worker co-operative, as it is the work forces problem if the company is in debt. Tower colliery has a legal status. Tower Colliery suits their workers co-operative as all the workers get an opinion on how the business is run and also they get a share of the profits. Tower colliery is a medium sized business. Some of the advantages of being a worker co-operative are: Happy workers; because views and opinions are heard. More motivated; because they know they will receive a share of profits. Work harder; because it is owned by the workface. No arguments; because they are on the same level. Some of the disadvantages of being a worker co-operative: Decisions; will take longer to make them. May suffer; because there are no specified leader which could result in failing to reach aims. Support; few people have faith in co-operatives so they are not always well supported. Spar Spar is a Franchise ownership as it is owned by a family. The only one person that owns spar is the franchisee because they have brought a branch of the group that own ‘Spar’. It has limited liability. It has legal status. Some advantages of being a franchise are: Because they have so many shops around there is more profit being made. The business can expand. Franchisees get the chance to run business that has a greater chance of success than for example, a sole trader does. Some disadvantages of being a franchise are: If the franchisee is unsuccessful the business may receive a bad reputation. The franchisee cannot make any decisions without getting permission off the franchisor. The franchisee does not automatically have their agreement renewed: the agreement has to be renewed regularly. This may create uncertainty for the franchisee. This store may suit ‘Fred’ because he may live closely to this branch and it sells everyday products that he may need so he doesn’t have to go to a larger store which is further away.

Business Finance, Computational and mini essay question

Business Finance, Computational and mini question - Essay Example (i) Determine what proportion of Mrs Sensible's 100,000 should be invested in Curtain plc and Blind plc in order to create a portfolio with a beta coefficient of 1.2. Calculate the expected return of such a portfolio. (iii) Specify a more efficient portfolio with the same return characteristics as the portfolio identified in (i) above, and calculate the beta and total risk characteristics of such a portfolio. Fully explain your answer (b) Given the the Arbitrage Pricing Theory (APT) considers more then one factor when attempting to explain the expected return on a security it is thus a more realistic and superios model to the CAPM. Discuss. The recognition of systematic risk makes an asset less desirable. The Capital Asset Pricing Model or CAPM is useful because it provides an explanation for the magnitude of an asset's risk premium, the difference between an asset's expected return and the risk-free interest rate. Although the CAPM has proved useful in real-world applications, it assumes that there is only one source of systematic risk that is found in the market portfolio. However, an alternative theory, Arbitrage Pricing Theory, takes the view that there are several sources of risking the economy that cannot be eliminated by diversification. Instead of calculating a single beta like CAPM, APT calculates many betas by estimating the sensitivity of an asset's return to changes in each facto

The role of the banks in terms of decreasing unemployment, maintaining Essay

The role of the banks in terms of decreasing unemployment, maintaining price stability and facilitating economic growth - Essay Example Capitalism tends towards the idea that organizations are in good luck when they make significant profits but its tough luck when they make significant losses, getting neither sympathy nor envy. However, the economy today is not a pure free market but, rather, it is a mixed economy, in which the markets are regulated by a government instituted framework. In addition, the government also carries out various functions, instead of leaving the private sector to make decisions (Mitchell, 2014: p61). The banking sector is a prime example because of their importance to the economy, including management of loan and savings facilities. The banking crisis of 2007 initially led to a rush by UK citizens to withdraw their money all at once, meaning that banks would have failed since they would have been unable to pay, portending potentially incalculable damage to the UK economy. It was, therefore, the responsibility of government agencies to stabilize the system by supervising banking activities and propping up banks that threatened to destabilize the system through bailouts (Cordella & Levy-Yeyati, 2013: p34). In essence, it is the people owed money by the banks that the government is bailing out. In addition, some of the biggest investment banks in the world are institutions that are so critical to the market and job creation that they have gradually come under the control of the government. This explains the bailout of AIG by the US government with a $100 billion loan that ensured American businesses would not collapse if they suffered losses, hurting national employment levels. Takeover of big mortgage guarantors in the UK, such as Bradford and Bingley, was also necessary because, in spite of its private shareholding, it was a de facto agency of the government and, in effect, the public (Cordella & Levy-Yeyati, 2013: p35). Failing to nationalize the company would have

Pharmacology Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Pharmacology - Case Study Example Applicable to patients who were diagnosed with hypertension, OConnell (2014: 12) pointed out the idea that â€Å"calcium channel blockers† should be given to those with African origin. Since the patient is an African man, the administration of â€Å"calcium channel blockers† is much better as compared to Maxzide 37.5/25 mg each morning. As such, the best option to improve CF’s blood pressure is to change the patient’s current medication to calcium channel blockers and ACE inhibitors (i.e. Lotrel – amlodipine and benzepril, Teczem – diltiazem and enalapril, or Lexxel – felodipine and enalapril) (Makani et al., 2011). Calcium channel blockers can effectively reduce the patient’s blood pressure by purposely dilating the arteries (Elliott & Ram, 2011). The main reason behind the need to combine the use of calcium channel blockers with ACE inhibitor is not only to increase its effectiveness in treating hypertension but also to prevent the risks of developing peripheral edema caused by the use of calcium channel blocker monotherapy (Makani et al., 2011). The following are the initial dosage of each alternative medication: BMI between 30 to 34 is classified as â€Å"obese 1† whereas BMI between 35 to 40 is classified as either â€Å"obese II or III† (University of Vermont, 2015). The fact that the patient’s BMI is 32 strongly suggests that the patient is obese. To prevent the risks of developing serious organ damage (i.e. stroke or heart failure); patient teaching should focus on the need to encourage the patient to change or modify his lifestyle. In general, BP of more than 140/90 is classified as â€Å"Stage 1† hypertension (OConnell, 2014: 12). Given the fact that obesity is one of the possible causes of hypertension (OConnell, 2014), patient teaching should include weight control through proper diet and

Tools for Accounting Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Tools for Accounting - Research Paper Example Like all professionals, accountants rely on various tools to help them perform various accounting tasks. Looking back at the history of the accounting profession, it can be said that the types of tools used for accounting have increased in number as well as they have become sophisticated with developing business markets and their implementation is becoming complicated. This brief paper will highlight and discuss the use of a current technology XBRL for accounting purposes. Individuals and business organizations may use tags to design business and financial software. The use of XBRL is highly recommended to accountants and organizations as the software makes its easier to handle different items of financial information, just like a barcode make its easier for the supply management to handle assets. XBRL software increases accessibility and reliability of the financial data. It also reduces the costs ad efforts of the organization to gather data for analysis. There are different accoun ting communities encourage the adaptation of XBRL, including major accounting companies that are members of XBRL Consortium. The use of XBRL in the business and accounting field is wide, it is recommended that use of XBRL can enhance the efficiency and reliability of the financial data. The use of XBRL in the accounting field is listed below: Unique tags can be designed to identify ratios and basic information for the auditors It provides a range of information related to accounting items, identifies either the item shall be credit or debit, currency or period It further provides a range of formula and calculation related to one another (that is, ratios or indicators) to determine the categories or its presentational purposes. Historical use Business entities are highly influenced with the development of technology. The history of XBRL begins with the efforts of an American person named Charles Hoffman. He was a Certified Public Accountant (CPA) from Tacoma, Washington. The American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) also played a vital role in making XBRL, what it is today. In 1998 Charles enlisted the support of AICPA to lead the development of XBRL with the goal of providing a standard, XML-based language for digitalizing business reports in accordance with the rules of accounting in every country around the globe. XBRL International is a global consortium with over 250 leading organizations concerned with the exchange and timeliness of financial and business reporting data. With the efforts of the institute and its members a framework of specifications and taxonomies was introduced providing a standard XML-based language for digitalizing business reports. XBRL operates under the United States jurisdiction globally and in the supervision of a committee of AICPA structured from 1999-2006, until it became a separate non-profit organization in 2006 (Debreceny, Felden and Piechocki). In the recent years, XBRL has become one of the most common and advanced technologies that is being used at major corporations and professional accountants worldwide. Its use is likely to continue to grow over the next years. XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language) is a standard form of electronic medium to change and share business and financial information. XBRL use ‘tags’ to describe the work like a bar code and defines each of these tags by using a number of dictionaries called ‘taxonomies’. XBRL taxonomies are collections of taxonomy schemas and linkbases. Taxonomy schema is an XML schema document file. Linkbases are XML document file. Theses follow the Xlink specifications. XBRL Instance XBRL Instance is extensively used in the business organization, it allows the organization

How to make money selling drugs (the movie) Essay

How to make money selling drugs (the movie) - Essay Example The paper also makes use of a discussion regarding the manner in which the subject of attitude towards the drug war and the attitude towards the United States and the government in terms of drugs. Also, the benefits of selling drugs and the skills needed to sell drugs all over are discussed in this paper. The increase in drug selling has been addressed in the film with the help of statistical mapping and figures that indicate the measure of people that is escalating dramatically over the years. It should be noted that there has been a number of media productions that have indicated the aspect of drug war in America. However, the film under review has a new dimension to look at the war on drugs in America. The film shows that practitioners are in the law and enforcement agencies. These people are responsible for making sure that the issue of drug dealing is controlled at its source (Cook, 2014). They play an important part in forming an understanding of the drugs network and how different participants play their role in it. As a matter of example and analysis of the film, it can be said that the character of Ricky Ross is a very good representation of people who were concerned about the deepening critical issue of drug dealing in American society. Another arena to the debate or discussion of drug dealing in America has been presented in the film by stating that more and more money is being poured at this side of the lawmaking institutions. In addition, it can be said that the same amount of money could have been used in any other service or institution of America. Through the help of this viewpoint, the director has been extremely successful in reflecting upon the attitude of the government towards war on drugs. (Cook, 2014) The benefits of selling drugs are yet another significant aspect that can be noted in the film’s plot. It can be said that the director has highlighted the benefit of

Passport automation system Essay Example for Free

Passport automation system Essay The Passport Application System for Indian Nationals is being automated with a user-friendly interface and a strong back-end support. Every citizen of India who wishes to apply for his/her passport has to create a personal login account by registering himself/herself at first. From thereon, he/she can access the forms for the application process by logging in with the username and password for authentication. The passport applicant can apply either by: Normal application mode or Tatkal mode. Opting for the tatkal scheme costs the applicant an additional fee amount of Rs. 1000/- besides extra document proof submission. We basically have two categories of applicants: Fresh Passport Applicants Passport Renewal Applicants The applicants who are seeking their renewals must fill up an additional form regarding their old passport details. All the details entered by the applicants are validated upon submission and recorded in the database. The applicants have to scan and upload their original documents for proofs of citizenship, address, educational background, occupation, etc. The final step would be payment of the passport application fee that would be computed automatically based on the modes and category of applicant. After the payment is successfully carried out, an appointment date would be generated for in-person verification of the applicant by the passport authorities. A receipt slip would be generated as an acknowledgement for the completion of passport application process. SRS: 1. LOGIN/REGISTRATION: a. Basic Description . Users have to create their own login account by registering themselves. After filling up the registration form, the users can login to their account by entering username and passport for validation. b. Basic Flow: . New users will be directed to a registration page asking them to fill up the details like Name, DOB and other such trivial details. Filling up all the fields will be mandatory. Pre-Conditions: None Post-Conditions: After login, user will be prompted to choose the mode of applications. c. Alternative Flow: . If the user fails to login due to invalid username/password, the login screen will be reloaded again and again. Even if this doesn’t work, the user can try registering afresh. This usecase prompts the applicant to decide on either of the 2 application modes- normal or tatkal. b. Basic Flow . Entering into the normal mode will open up the application form directly. Pre-Conditions: Successful login with appropriate username and password. Post-Conditions: The applicant has to pay the passport fees according to the choice of application mode in a later stage. c. Alternative Flow . If the applicant chooses tatkal, an alert message is displayed indicating that additional charges are applicable. The flow resumes displaying the normal application form. Application Form: a. Basic Description . The applicant has to fill in all the mandatory fields in the given application form. Valid details are to be filled up without any ambiguity. b. Basic Flow . The applicant has to manually type in all the particulars required. Pre-Conditions: The applicant has to make his choice of mode of application. Post-Conditions: The form is subjected to validations. c. Alternative Flow . If the user wishes to terminate the session of form filling and proceed later, he can do so by quitting the process. If the user wants to renew his passport (i. e. not a fresh applicant), previous passport details are to be filled in for validation. b. Basic Flow . The renewal seekers are required to fill in their old passport details like Passport no, Date of Issue, Date of Expiry and Place of Issue Pre-Conditions: A valid old passport is to be produced to fill in the details. Post-Conditions: Authentication is done for the old passport existence before payment. c. Alternative Flow . None. 5. Document Submission: a. Basic Description Original documents need to be provided for various authentications by the passport authorities. b. Basic Flow . Scan the documents using a scanner and upload them to the database. This usecase validates the proofs of citizenship, address, education details, marital status and other such trivial details. Pre-Conditions: Valid documents like Birth Certificates, Licenses, Ration Cards, Bank Passbook, etc. Post-Conditions: Matching the submitted documents with the no of proofs required and validating. c. Alternative Flow . If the documents are insufficient, an alert message is displayed. Otherwise, no alternative flow here. 6. Fee Payment: a. Basic Description . The pre-computed payable amount is displayed in the form and payment options are displayed. b. Basic Flow . The payment is calculated based on the mode chosen (normal or tatkal) and the charges are listed explicitly. Payment is done here. Pre-Conditions: Completion of all forms and proper modes chosen already. Post-Conditions: Payment gateway is opened and receipt would be generated. c. Alternative Flow . Quit option to pay later on. Basic Description . This is the final step in passport automation process. A receipt is generated with an appointment date generated along with final application summary. b. Basic Flow . The generated receipt can either be printed (saved) to a file or directly printed using a printing device. Pre-Conditions: Full payment for passport is done. Post-Conditions: A valid receipt is generated as a proof of having completed the passport process. He/she has to visit the passport office in person on the appointment date allotted for final authentication.